Reproductive patterns in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva

The reproductive cycle of the Antarctic articulate brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833) is described from monthly samples collected between September 1985 and July 1987 from a population at Signy Island, Antarctica. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are described for the first time in this species. Surface dried-tissue masses for a standard individual (41 mm shell length) were calculated for the digestive diverticula, gut, lophophore and gonad from monthly dissections of 15 brachiopods. Seasonal patterns, with summer peaks, were observed in the digestive diverticula and gut. The lophophore and gonad masses did not exhibit seasonal trends. Females showed a sharp decrease in proportion of large oocytes between October and November in 1986, suggesting spawning during this period. There was no similar decrease during the same period in 1985. Mean percent spermatozoa measurements revealed a large increase in November 1985 and a rapid decline in December 1985. This suggested a large spawning event for males in 1985 which was not repeated the following year. These data indicate large inter-annual differences in reproductive activity as well as differences between males and females. They also suggest the possibility of sperm storage by females. Brood characteristics were also highly variable. The smallest brooding female was 31.5 mm in length. Some females brooded more than one developmental stage simultaneously, and variation in brood size (numbers of embryos or larvae held in the lophophore) and brood composition between individuals was high. All samples collected throughout the 2 yr period contained some females with broods. The data suggest that the reproductive strategy of L. uva is highly plastic, and that there may be three reproductive periodicities on seasonal, annual and inter-annual time scales. Received: 16 May 1997 / Accepted: 2 March 1998