我国重点区域环境大气VOCs监测体系现状及发展方向

科学开展大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的监测是臭氧(O₃)与细颗粒物(PM_2.5)复合污染成因机制和防控的关键基础，对持续改善我国空气质量具有重要意义. 为优化提升我国VOCs监测体系和效能，提出未来光化学监测发展方向和路径，通过调研、数据挖掘总结评估了国内外VOCs监测体系设计、监测布点、监测项目和时段、监测技术和质控技术等监测要素，结果表明:①我国初步建成了覆盖重点区域的光化学监测网，但监测点位功能相对单一，缺乏区域、输送、排放高值区等关键点位，其优化和完善是提升我国VOCs监测效能的重要途径. ②5—9月是我国O₃污染的重要时段，影响O₃的重要组分则主要为美国环境保护局(US EPA)光化学评估监测站(Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations, PAMS)所涉及的组分以及醛酮类组分，其中乙烯、苯系物、甲醛、乙醛等尤为关键，并应关注部分支链烯烃和α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯等天然源烯烃对O₃或颗粒物的影响，最终需结合本地化特点优化监测项目. ③我国VOCs监测技术体系中手工监测和自动监测各具优势，未来发展趋势以自动监测为主、手工监测为辅，监测技术体系应向高精准度化、标准化、小型化、模块化、智能化，以及高时间分辨率和低成本等方向发展；同时持续进行质量体系标准研究，补足空白，提升监测数据质量. 研究显示，我国环境大气VOCs监测应优化监测布点，加强监测技术体系和质量体系标准化，并聚焦重点时段形成我国本地化监测项目，从而科学地优化和完善我国光化学监测体系. 

VOCs Monitoring System Status and Development Direction in Key Regions of China

Scientific monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is the key basis for the formation mechanism and prevention and control of the combined pollution of O₃ and PM_2.5. It is of great significance to continuously improve the air quality in China. In order to optimize and improve the VOCs monitoring system and efficiency in China and put forward the development direction and path of photochemical monitoring in the future, the key elements of VOCs monitoring system design, monitoring sites, monitoring items and periods, monitoring technology and quality control technology at home and abroad are evaluated through research, data mining and other methods. This research is carried out from the development history, monitoring points, monitoring items and time periods, monitoring technology and quality of VOCs monitoring at home and abroad. The results show that: (1) China has initially established photochemical monitoring network covering key areas, but in the VOCs monitoring network, key points such as regions, transportation and high emission areas are lacking. It is important to optimize and improve the performance of VOCs monitoring network in China. (2) May to September is an important period of O₃ pollution in China. The components involved in Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) under the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) aldehydes and ketones are important components affecting O₃, especially ethylene, benzene series, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. And the impact of some branched chain olefins and natural source olefins such as α-pinene, and β-pinene on O₃ or particulate matters is also noteworthy. Finally, the monitoring project should be optimized according to the localization characteristics. (3) In terms of monitoring technology, manual monitoring and automatic monitoring have their own advantages, showing the development trend of automatic monitoring as the main and manual monitoring as the auxiliary. The monitoring technology system should be developed in the direction of high precision, standardization, miniaturization, modularization, intelligence, high time resolution and low monitoring cost. At the same time, quality system standard research should be continued to fill in the gaps and improve the quality of monitoring data. The research shows the monitoring points of atmospheric VOCs in China should be optimized, the standardization of monitoring technology system and quality system should be strengthened, and the localized monitoring projects in China should be formed focusing on key periods, so as to scientifically optimize and improve the photochemical monitoring program in China.