韧性城市视角下的历史街区防火韧性评估体系构建*

为提升历史街区的防火韧性，推进韧性城市的建设，采用PSR（压力-状态-响应）模型搭建3级评估框架；结合指标选取原则，从外部环境刺激、内部潜在风险、组成成分价值、组成成分特征、消防救灾能力、适应恢复力6个要素对评估指标进行筛选；运用专家打分法和层次分析法确定各项指标的权重，并构建由36个指标项组成的历史街区防火韧性评估体系及评估模型。结果表明:历史街区的防火韧性宜从系统面对火灾风险的压力、系统自身在受灾时的状态、灾后系统做出的应急响应3个方面进行综合评估；该评估体系具有一定的可操作性和可推广性，既可为定量评估历史街区的消防能力提供参考依据，亦可为推进我国历史街区的保护和开发提供决策支持。

Construction of evaluation system for fireproof resilience of historic blocks from perspective of resilient city

In order to improve the fireproof resilience of historic blocks and promote the construction of resilient city,a three level evaluation framework was established by using the Pressure Status Response (PSR) model.Combined with the principles of indexes selection,the evaluation indexes were selected from six factors including the external environment stimulation,internal potential risk,component value,component characteristics,fire rescue capability,and adaptability and recovery.The weights of each index were determined by using the experts scoring method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP),and the evaluation system and evaluation model for the fireproof resilience of historic blocks were constructed,which was composed of 36 index layers.The results showed that the fireproof resilience of historic blocks should be comprehensively evaluated from three aspects including the pressure of system facing fire risk,the status of system itself in case of fire and the emergency response made by the system after fire.This evaluation system has certain operability and popularization,which can not only provide reference for the quantitative evaluation on the fire control capacity of historic blocks,but also provide decision making support for the protection and development of historical blocks in China.