厦门市空气污染的空间分布及其与影响因素空间相关性分析

基于空间信息技术、克里格插值与空间相关矩阵,研究厦门市SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5污染浓度空间分布特征。通过提取人口密度、道路面积比重、建设用地比重、地表温度及植被指数等空气污染影响因素的空间分布数据,划分研究区为生态区、居住区与工业区,定量评价了污染物浓度与影响因素的空间相关性,并识别出各污染物的主要影响因素。结果表明:污染浓度分布总体上呈现出工业区-居住区-生态区递减的空间特征,其主要受工业排放和机动车排放的影响;SO2与除地表温度外的其他影响因数均有较强空间相关性,PM10和PM2.主要与道路面积比重、建设用地比重具有较强相关性,NO2则与道路面积比重的相关性最强,污染浓度与影响因数空间相关性呈现出工业区-居住区-生态区递增趋势;与按照行政区的划分相比,工业区、居住区、生态区的划分显得更为合理。

Analysis on spatial distribution of air pollution and its spatial correlation with influencing factors in Xiamen City

The spatial distribution characteristics of the concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in Xiamen City were researched based on spatial information technology, Kriging method, and spatial correlation matrix. Spatial distribution data of some factors influencing air pollution such as population density, percentage of road area, built-up area, surface temperature and NDVI were extracted, the study area were divided into ecological, residential and industrial subareas, and the spatial relativity between concentrations of four pollutants and their influencing factors were quantitatively evaluated, also the main influenceing factors of four pollutants were distinguished. The results show that spatial characteristics of the concentrations of four pollutants in industrial, residential and ecological subareas present a decreasing trend, which are mainly caused by industrial and motor vehicle emissions. There are more spatial relativity between SO2 and influencing factors except surface temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 with percentage of road area and built-up area, also, NO2 with percentage of road area. The spatial relativity between concentrations of four pollutants and their influencing factors in industrial, residential and ecological subareas appears a growing trend. The subareas divided in the study are more reasonable compared with those according to administrative region.