我国华北地区城市水生态环境现状分析及综合整治对策

从水环境、水资源和水生态3个方面解析了我国华北片区城市水生态环境问题的内在因素。结果表明，区域城市生活污水排放量大，污水收集与处理设施仍存在短板；钢铁、制药、石化行业污染问题突出，特别是山东省和京津冀城市群；季节性降雨引起的城市面源污染不容忽视；城市水生态系统受损严重，水域面积大幅萎缩，河湖岸带破坏严重，富营养化进程加剧，生物多样性下降；城市水资源极度匮乏，水资源开发利用强度大，用水浪费严重，河流干涸断流问题突出。针对上述问题，提出了区域城市近期 (2021—2025年) 、中期 (2026—2030年) 和远期 (2031—2035年) 分阶段的城市水生态环境质量提升目标和综合整治对策建议。本研究结果可为同类北方城市解决水生态环境问题提供参考。

Analysis of the current situation of urban water ecological environment and comprehensive improvement measures in North China

In this paper, the problems and the intrinsic factors residing in urban aquatic ecological environment in North China were analyzed from three aspects, i.e. the water quality, the water resources and the urban aquatic ecology. Results showed that the quantity of the domestic sewage discharged in urban area was huge, but there were still shortcomings in sewer networks and sewage treatment facilities. Pollution resulted by the discharges from the iron and steel, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries were prominent, especially in the cities of Shandong Province and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban cluster. Urban non-source pollution caused by seasonal rainfall could not be ignored. Urban water ecosystems were severely damaged, the water area shrank significantly, the shoreland zones of urban rivers and lakes were severely damaged, the eutrophication of urban waters was enhanced, and the biodiversity declined. Problems with the urban water resources include the shortage of per capita water resources, over-exploited water resources, the waste of water resources in urban area, the insufficient flow rate in rivers, and the bad connectivity between waterbodies. In response to the above problems, termed objectives, solutions for the improvement and comprehensive remediation of urban aquatic ecological environment for cities North China was proposed in this paper. For the three terms, namely, the short-term (2021-2025), the medium-term (2026-2030) and the long-term (2031-2035), a roadmap for the improvement of urban aquatic ecological environment in the region was also formed.