基于AQUATOX模型的集装箱养殖尾水净化塘生态系统模拟及调控预测

为解决传统养殖中养殖尾水的环境污染问题，促进池塘养殖可持续发展，基于新建的集装箱式循环水养殖系统，构建了三级养殖尾水净化塘水生态系统模型，对池塘水质、浮游植物及水生动物生物量以及池塘生态系统的演变进行了为期6个月的模拟预测，并设置添加沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类2种情景模拟。结果表明：水质模拟值的变化趋势与实测值基本一致，模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差为4.98% ~ 23.37%；模拟预测的设定条件下和模拟时段中，池塘生态系统的结构趋于稳定，形成以绿藻为主的藻类群落、以摇蚊和桡足类为主的水生动物群落；在尾水净化塘中，添加沉水植物对氮磷去除效果不明显，但对增加水体中溶解氧质量浓度作用明显，3个池塘溶解氧变化率最大值分别为23.11%、45.39%和77.90%；添加低密度滤食性鱼类有助于浮游植物的生长，3个池塘硅藻生物量的最大增幅为89.80%、47.22%和22.06%，绿藻生物量的最大增幅为76.95%、54.05%和23.29%，蓝藻生物量的最大增幅为45.99%、33.37%和20.30%。综上所述，基于AQUATOX构建串联的尾水净化塘水生态系统模型并模拟培植沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类的生物处理方法，不仅能够为管理者调整喂养结构提供借鉴与帮助，也可用于调控水生态系统组分，有利于水生态系统功能的恢复和平衡。本研究结果可为管理集装箱式循环水养殖模式的喂养结构、构建尾水净化塘生态系统、改进其他利用生物处理技术处理养殖尾水的养殖模式提供参考。

Simulation and regulation prediction of container aquaculture wastewater-ponds ecosystem based on AQUATOX model

To solve the environmental pollution of wastewater in traditional aquaculture and promote the sustainable development of pond aquaculture, based on newly built container recirculating aquaculture system, the tertiary aquaculture wastewater-ponds ecosystem model was built, the evolution of wastewater quality, phytoplankton, aquatic animal biomass and pond ecosystem were simulated for 6 months, and the simulation of two scenarios of adding submerged plants and filter-feeding fish was set. The results showed that the trends of simulated values were basically consistent with that of the measured values, the average relative error between simulated and measured values ranged from 4.989% to 23.37%. Under the set conditions by simulation and in the prediction period, the structure of pond ecological system approached stable, the pond ecosystem formed an aquatic community dominated by green algae, chironomid and copepods. Adding submerged plants to the wastewater-purification-ponds had no obvious removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus, while increased the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water, the maximum variation rates of the three ponds were 23.11%, 45.39% and 77.90%, respectively. Adding low-density filter feeding fish was beneficial to phytoplankton biomass growth, the maximum increase rates of diatom, green algae and cyanobacterial biomass in 3 ponds were 89.80% 47.22% and 22.06%, 76.95% 54.05% and 23.29%, 45.99% 33.37% and 20.30%, respectively. To sum up, AQUATOX was used to build the linked-ponds’ ecosystem model, and the model was used to simulate the biological treatment methods of adding submerged plants and low-density filter-feeding fish, which can not only provide reference and help for managers to adjust the feeding structure, but also be used to regulate the composition of aquatic ecosystems, it is conducive to the restoration and balance of aquatic ecosystem functions. The results of this research may provide an important reference for managing the feeding structure of container recirculating aquaculture system, constructing the restoration ecology of wastewater-ponds and improving other aquaculture models using biological treatment techniques.