污水处理行业实现碳中和的路径及其适用条件分析

节能降耗、厌氧消化产甲烷、工艺相关的能源利用等策略可有助于碳减排，但这些常规方法的潜力距碳中和目标仍有相当距离。国外诸多案例表明，污水余温热能利用技术是污水处理领域实现碳中和运行的可行方案。在总结污水处理领域碳减排策略的基础上，评价分析其对碳中和的贡献。通过对国内案例计算分析余温热能潜力并与有机 (COD) 能转化率进行比较发现，污水中蕴含的余温热能潜力为有机能的9倍。余温热能利用可使污水处理厂达到碳中和目标，还可将剩余热能 (约75%~85%) 向外以供热/制冷形式输出，或用于原位低温干化污泥，实现污水处理厂向“能源工厂”的转型。

Analysis on the path and applciable conditions of carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment industry

Strategies such as energy conservation, anaerobic digestion and methanogenesis, and process-related energy use can contribute to carbon emission, but the potential of these conventional approaches is still far from carbon neutrality. Many cases abroad indicated that waste water heat energy utilization technology was a feasible scheme to achieve carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment. Based on the summary of carbon reduction strategies in the field of wastewater treatment, the contribution to carbon neutrality was evaluated and analyzed. By calculating and analyzing the waste heat energy potential of domestic cases and comparing with the conversion rate of organic energy (COD), it was found that the waste heat energy potential contained in sewage was 9 times that of organic energy. The use of residual heat energy can make the waste water treatment plants (WWTP) achieve carbon neutrality, and also export the residual heat energy (about 75% ~85%) outward for outside heating/cooling, or for in situ low temperature desiccating sludge to realize the transformation of WWTP into “energy plants”.