基于综合权重-TOPSIS法的飞机噪声自动监测点位优化及效果对比

为克服飞机噪声监测系统传统布点方式存在的主观偏差，通过有限的监测点位实现监测系统代表性、有效性和经济性的最大化，采用综合权重-TOPSIS法对监测点布设位置与数量进行优化；基于机场布局、飞机噪声等值线、交通干线、土地利用及行政区划等机场所在区域相关信息空间叠图，构建机场噪声评价指标体系；结合决策群体主观偏好与指标表征数据的熵权，应用综合权重-TOPSIS法对某大型机场飞机噪声自动监测点位进行优化。结果表明：指标体系主要参考因素是飞机噪声等值线距离(指标②)、噪声敏感度(指标①)和主航迹线距离(指标③)，综合权重值分别为0.327、0.293和0.221；拟选监测点位指标①、②、③的相对贡献率变化较大，说明点位受噪声敏感度、飞机噪声影响差异性大；根据相对最优贴近度值，将20个拟选点位优化为12个点位，与物元可拓法、最优指标法点位重复率分别为66.7%、75.0%，综合权重-TOPSIS法对飞机噪声等值线距离(指标②)和主航迹线距离(指标③)的优化效果均为最好。本研究成果可为飞机噪声自动监测体系标准化建设提供参考。

Optimization and effect comparison of aircraft noise automatic monitoring sites based on comprehensive weight-TOPSIS

In order to overcome the subjective bias of traditional site layout of aircraft noise monitoring system, the comprehensive weight TOPSIS method was used to optimize the layout position and quantity of monitoring points to realize the representativeness, effectiveness and economy of the monitoring system. Based on the spatial overlay of information, such as airport layout, aircraft noise contours, traffic arteries, land use, and administrative divisions, etc.. the evaluation index system for airport environmental noise was constructed. Combined with the entropy weight of decision-making group’s subjective preferences and the index representation data, the comprehensive weight-TOPSIS method was used to optimizing aircraft noise automatic monitoring sites at a big airport. The results showed that the main reference factors were index ②: aircraft noise contour distance, index ①: noise sensitivity and index ③: main flight path line distance, the comprehensive weights were 0.327, 0.293 and 0.221, respectively. The relative contribution rates of the above index at these proposed monitoring sites changed greatly, indicating there were relatively big differences in noise sensitivity and aircraft noise among these points. According to the relative optimal closeness value, the 20 proposed points were optimized to 12 points, in which the point repetition rates of the matter-element extension method and the optimal index method were 66.7% and 75.0%, respectively. After the normalization of the index values, the comprehensive weight-TOPSIS method had the best optimization effects on index ② and index ③. The research results can provide a reference for the standardization construction of the aircraft noise automatic monitoring system.