北方滨海人工湿地水生生物群落重建效果评估——以天津临港湿地二期生态重建工程为例

为准确评估滨海人工湿地生态重建成效，科学指导工程改进方案，以重建近1年的天津临港湿地二期生态重建工程为例，通过调查重建前(2020年)和重建后(2021年)湿地水生生物群落组成变化，评价湿地生物群落重建效果。结果表明：经过近1年的生态重建，鱼类群落和底栖动物群落均得到不同程度恢复；鱼类的种类由重建前的未检出增加到10种，除泥鳅、梭鱼等增殖先锋物种未得以恢复外，其他增殖鱼类均长势良好；随着物理生境改善和先锋物种的直接投加，底栖动物数量由重建前的11种提高到重建后的28种，生物多样性明显提高；在类群组成上，底栖动物群落以自然恢复的摇蚊幼虫为主，人工投放的大型底栖物种恢复进程相对缓慢；鱼类增殖放流加剧了对浮游动物的捕食压力，造成浮游动物生物量降低和个体减小，进而导致浮游植物群落的快速响应和结构变化。基于上述研究结果，提出了水生生物群落重建优化调控建议。本研究成果可为北方滨海人工湿地重建提供借鉴。

Evaluation on the ecological reconstruction of aquatic communities in the coastal constructed wetland of northern China: A case study of Tianjin Lingang constructed wetland (phase II)

Tianjin Lingang Constructed Wetland (Phase II), a typical coastal constructed wetland in northern China, which has been reconstructed for nearly one year, was taken as a case study for the effect evaluation of aquatic community reconstruction that could serve as a guideline for further improvement of engineering scheme. The changes in aquatic community composition were investigated before (2020) and after (2021) the reconstruction. The results showed that the fish and Zoobenthos communities were restored to some extent. The number of fish species increased from 0 in 2020 to 10 in 2021. Most fishes exhibited impressive growth except that the pioneer species of Loach and Barracuda were not restored successfully. The number of Zoobenthos species increased from 11 to 28 and the biodiversity increased significantly with the improvement of physical habitat and the direct release of pioneer species. In addition. Chironomid larvae numerically dominated in the Zoobenthos community while the progress of artificially released macrobenthic species was relatively slow. The biomass of zooplankton exhibited an obvious downward trend and the species composition dominated by small individual species, probably a result of the fish proliferation at this site. Accordingly, the number and biomass of phytoplankton changed significantly due to the grazing pressure fluctuation. Based on the above research, some strategies for further regulation of aquatic community reconstruction were proposed. This work could provide a reference for wetland reconstruction in north China coastal area.