海南东寨港红树林湿地面积变化及其驱动力分析

本文分析了海南省东寨港红树林湿地的面积变化及其驱动力。结合早期地形图和实地调查数据，利用3个时相的TM遥感图片，计算出1959年、1989年、1996年、2002年4个时相的红树林面积分别为3213．8hm^2、1657．8hm^2、2018．8hm^2和1552．6hm^2。在过去的近50年里，有近50％的天然红树林被毁掉，红树林湿地被转换为经济林种植田、水产养殖塘、城镇基础设施建设用地等。自1980年成立红树林自然保护区以来，红树林得到了一定程度的保护，1989年到1996年图像对比上红树林面积增加了361．0hm^2。近年来，旅游业的开发对红树林生态系统存在一定程度的干扰。2002年，红树林面积相对于1996年减少了566．2hm^2。此外，红树林斑块的空间格局和树种的构成发生了变化，红树林群落植物多样性明显减弱。在综合分析基础上，根据生态系统综合管理的思想。提出了建立高水平的管理研究队伍，采用先进的管理技术和手段，综合管理红树林生态系统。

Study of the Change of Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem and Driving Forces in Dongzhaigang

The area changes and its driving forces of mangrove forest in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Province are analyzed. By calculation, the areas of mangrove forest in 1960, 1989, 1996 and 2002 are 3213.8 hm2, 1657.8 hm^2, 2018.8 hm^2 and 1552.6 hm^2, respectively. In the past 40 years, nearly 50% mangrove forest were destroyed because of agriculture, aquaculture and urban development. Since the mangrove natural reserve was founded in 1980, the mangrove forest was well protected. As a result, the area in 1996 is 361.0 hm^2 larger than that of 1989. But recently, it has been disturbed by tourism activities, such as yachts. It lost 566.2 hm^2 from 1996 to 2002. And the biodiversity of mangrove forest species has obviously been declined. So it is an urgent task to protect Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve by establishing high quality research and management team and adopting advanced management approaches and techniques.