三峡库区高效生态农业发展方向与重点研究

在三峡库区发展高效生态农业,是库区农村移民安置安稳、缓解人地矛盾、有效遏制生态环境恶化趋势的迫切需要,也是迎接加入WTO后的挑战、进行农业结构调整、确保三峡工程顺利建设和建设三峡生态经济区的迫切需要。论文提出了三峡库区高效生态农业发展的总体方向、主导产业与农业各行业发展的思路与重点。库区种植业发展重在压粮扩经,逐步压缩坡耕地粮食生产规模,提高名优特精经济作物的比重,大力发展高效优质生态农业,不求库区粮食自给平衡,但求库区生态平衡;林业突出优化改造经济林,加快建设生态林,大力发展香料林;畜牧业突出种草养畜,稳猪攻羊,积极发展草产业和草食型畜牧业;渔业主要以生态渔业为总体发展方向,服从全局,调整结构,合理布局,形成特色,适度限制发展。最终将三峡库区建设成为全国最大的脐橙生产基地、全国一流长江名优柑橘带和果品产业带、全国最大的榨菜生产基地、重要的兽药生产基地、香料生产基地、有影响力的优质中药材主产区和我国西部重要的淡水水产养殖带。

Development orientation and emphases on the high efficient eco-agriculture in the Three Gorges Area

Developing high efficient eco-agriculture in the Three Gorges Area is an urgent task.It is not only the need of smooth resettling transmigrants,mitigating conflicts between man and nature,effective preventing ecological environment from deterioration,but also the need of ente-ring into the WTO,restructuring agriculture and constructing the Three Gorges ecological eco-nomic area.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of different trades of agriculture such as farming,forestry,stock raising and fishery,this paper brings forward the overall development di-rection of eco-agriculture and dominant industries for each county in the Three Gorges Area.The whole development framework of the area is as follows:reducing the provision crops and expan-ding the economic crops,especially the high quality,refinement and characteristic produces;opti-mizing economic forestry,quickening the pace of constructing eco-forestry and developing spice-forestry by a big margin;developing grass for stockbreeding,leveling off the scale of pigs and enhancing the scale of goats or sheep;and taking eco-fishery development as a general direction.According to the above development perspectives,the Three Gorges Area will be turned into a great umbilical orange,preserved szechuan pickle,beast medicine and spice production base in China,a high quality fruit production belt along the Yangtze River,an important fresh water aquatic production zone in West China,and an influential Chinese traditional medicinal materials producing area.