基于改进层次分析法的火灾高危单位消防安全评估

开展消防安全评估对提升火灾高危单位消防安全管理水平和维护公共安全具有重要意义。根据火灾高危单位的特点,给出了消防安全评估指标体系,包括建筑防火、消防设备设施和消防安全管理3项一级指标,建筑整体布局、安全疏散系统、消防给水系统、自动灭火系统、防排烟系统、电气防火系统、其他设备及器材、日常管理、应急制度及培训教育、电器燃气消防器材管理10项二级指标,建筑类别、安全出口、室外消防水、自动喷水灭火系统、风机、消防电源及其配电、防火门窗、消防安全管理制度、应急制度、电器管理等54项三级指标。在现场调研和理论分析的基础上,利用改进的层次分析法计算得到某火灾高危单位消防安全评估指标体系各指标的权重,建立了火灾高危单位消防安全评估模型,对其火灾危险性进行了评估。

Fire safety assessment for the fire-prone units based on the renovated hierarchical analysis process

The paper is devoted to a fire safety assessment study for the fire-prone units based on the renovated hierarchical analysis process.According to the particular situations and the specific features of the fire-prone units,this paper puts forward an index system of fire safety assessment,which includes the 3 first-level indicators,that is,the fire protection for the buildings;the fire fighting and prevention equipment and facilities,and third,the fire safety and security management.The fire prevention and fighting system should have 10 second-level indicators of fire-prone units and buildings,which may include the overall layout of the buildings,the safety evacuation system,the fire water supply system,the automatic fire extinguishing system,and so on.For the convenience of discussion,we have illustrated the following ten indexes,such as,the smoke control system,the electric fire protection system,the daily management,emergency system of training and education,the management of appliance,the gas and fire equipment,etc.And,then,we have proposed 54 third-level indicators of building type,for example,the fire-resistance rating,the fire separation distance,the smoke partitions,the fire lanes,the decoration materials,the rescue condition,the explosion-proof,the elevator wells,the safety exits,evacuation door,emergency staircase,evacuation passageway,evacuation signs,the outdoor fire-extinguishing water,fire pool,fire water tank,fire regulating facilities,fire hydrant system,the pipe network,the automatic sprinkler system,the water spray extinguishing system,the other fire extinguishing system,fan,the smoke vent,fire valve,and the smoke control system,the fire power supply and distribution,power lines and the electrical equipment,emergency lighting and evacuation signs,automatic fire alarm system,electric fire monitor and control system,fire door and window,fire elevator,fire extinguisher,fire safety management system,fire facilities maintenance management,risk inspection and rectification system,emergency system,fire training,propaganda and education,electrical management,gas management,fuel management,lightning protection management,repair and decoration materials management,etc.Based on the field investigation and theoretical analysis,we have used the improved analytic hierarchy process to calculate the index indicators weight of fire safety assessment,and build up a fire safety assessment model of the high fire risk unit and evaluate its fire risk.