火焰引燃高速列车行李燃烧特性全尺寸试验研究

以CRH1高速列车20 kg旅客行李为研究对象,采用家具量热仪和全尺寸试验研究了不同引火源功率、不同通风量等条件下行李点燃特性、热释放速率、质量损失率、热释放总量、烟气释放速率等火灾参数,总结了其燃烧行为及特性。结果表明:高速列车20 kg旅客行李燃烧特性易受通风量、引火源功率等火场环境影响;引燃时间为1~2 min,持续燃烧时间在27~35 min;热释放速率可达347.3 k W以上,因行李压实较为紧密,燃烧不够充分,产生大量高温未完全燃烧气体,极大程度增加列车车厢回燃性;质量损失率较小,行李燃烧不充分;温升速率快,最高温度可达230℃;产烟量较大,透光率最低为35%;行李热释放总量THR随着引火源功率增加而增大,最高可达到213 MJ,控制引火源功率是减小行李热释放总量THR的关键。

Full-scale tests on the combustion behaviors of the flame-ignited high-speed railway carriages

This paper intends to present the full-scale testing resuits of the 20 kg passenger's luggage in the compartments of CRH1 high-speed railway carriages as the main research topic.Through the full-scale furniture calorimeter tests,the paper has made an exploration of the key fire-causing parameters,such as the ignition characteristics of curtains,the heat releasing rate,the mass loss rate,the total thermos release,and the smoke emission rate under the different test conditions including the ignition source and the ventilation rate.And,then,an analysis and summary of the combustion behaviors and characteristic features,such as the fundamental data and reference proposal for the fire precaution and safety design of the high-speed trains have also been done.Thus,the aforementioned research has made us conclude that:(i) It would be easy for the passenger's luggage of such high-speed trains to be exposed to the fire-prone background environment,such as the poor inside ventilation,and the inefficiency of the power of ignition and so on.(ii) It would be easy for the passenger's luggage to be ignited,to be exact,it can be ignited for one min with its combustion duration being about 27-35 min.(iii) It would also be easy for the thermos release rate is to get over 347.3 kW/m2.(iv) Since the pieces of the luggage are packed or impacted very closely or even tightly,there exists potential for the high temperature incomplete combustion,which can help to produce thick gas and increase the trains back to the flame forefront tremendously;(v) In addition,though the material mass losing rate can be rather little while the luggage is burned inadequately and the temperature would be rising quickly with its highest temperature going up to 230 ℃;(vi) Great amounts of smoke can be produced whilst the light transmittance would be poor to the minimum rate of mere 35％;(vii) At the same time,the heat releasing rate tends to increase quickly with the increase of the combustion power source and the ventilation rate,which may get to its supreme height of 213 MJ,so that the only way to reduce the total heat release for the luggage fire is nothing but to control the ignition source.