基于五元联系数法的进近管制员压力评价模型

空中交通管制是一项高负荷、高压力的工作。为了减轻进近管制员的压力,提出具有针对性的缓解措施,提高民航业的安全水平,建立了进近管制员压力源量表,引入五元联系数法,对进近管制员的压力情况实现了静态与动态、定性与定量的多重结合分析,构建了进近管制员压力评价模型。以某空管局为例收集数据并进行分析,结果表明,进近管制员的压力存在波浪式的发展趋势,且各压力源的态势两级分化较为严重,业务层面的因素大多处于强反势,而人为因素及设备层面的一些因素为强同势。研究表明,五元联系数法用于进近管制员压力研究是可行的,并验证了该评价模型的合理性。

An appreciation model for the controller's pressure based on the five-element connection number

This paper intends to propose a comprehensive evaluation index system by way of communicating with the air-traffic way controlling instructors in terms of the four basic evaluation factors,known as "the man,the machine,the environment and the management".For the purpose of relieving the pressure of the aviation way controllers in hoping to improve the airspace communication and transportation capacity and the safety of the airspace protection,we have proposed a method known as the five-element connection number,whereas it wouldn't be possible for the air traffic fluency management and the separation assurance to be compromised.In such a kind of situation,the air-traffic control is generally regarded as a higher-level factor that is facing the greatest pressure in comparison with the other kinds of duties.That is to say,the system has thus be made up of five levels,"the level of operation,that of the airport field workers,and that for working equipment and facilities coordination,the airport environment control and the commanding and instruction of the delivery system",which can roughly be divided into 29 indicators.The aforementioned five-level connection should be founded on the basis of the set-pair analysis (SPA) of the certainty and uncertainty of the system factors by applying the five-level connection links.Moreover,the said five-level connection method can not only reflect the current pressure level statistically,but can also predict the forth-coming trends dynamically.What is more,in comparison with the other methods,it should be made known as the multiple complicated synthetic system for making static and dynamic analysis,and that for making qualitative and quantitative analysis,too.Therefore,the system controller has to face the pressure evaluation model consisting of the followings steps:(1) making the evaluation of the factor sets;(2) controlling the pressure level;(3) weighing each factor through the entropy weight method in order to get rid of subjective evaluation prejudice;(4) analyzing the pressure tendency (The data has been collected and quoted from an anonymous Air Traffic Management Bureau (ATMB)).The above quoted results show that there exist 17 factors in all for the consistency potential,whereas there exist 2 factors for the balance-keeping potential,with the other 10 ones belonging to the inverse potential.The data above-quoted indicate that the pressure of the airway controllers for the said ATMB should be compared to light,whereas the pressure level can be said fluctuated like waves.It can also be found that the polarization of each pressure source can be taken as particularly serious,for most of the factors at the operational level,such as "large scale of operation inside the airspace","operation efficiency","safety assurance",and "restriction from the relevant departments" belong to the category of strong inverse potential,though the factors of "human factors" or "equipment quality factor" can be attributed to the strong consistency potential.In conclusion,the results of our study can be expected to provide some valuable support for the five-element connection number application in the field of the pressure evaluation.