基于STEAM的靠港船舶大气污染物排放清单研究

随着我国船舶排放控制区的设立,船舶大气污染物排放成为社会广泛关注的热点。以对城市影响显著的内河靠港船舶为研究对象,采用本土化的船舶交通排放估算模型(STEAM),结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)中的船舶轨迹信息、船舶档案数据库信息及调研信息,实现基于船舶活动的"自下而上"的排放清单编制。将上述研究成果应用于南京龙潭集装箱港区,得到2014年该港区船舶大气物排放量分别为PM103.452 9 t、PM2.52.762 3 t、NOx196.004 4 t、SOx2.896 6t、CO 20.624 5 t、HC 8.127 8 t以及CO212 554.289 5 t。与整个港区排放相比,靠港船舶是SOx和NOx排放的重要来源,占比分别达到70.76%和58.16%。基于排放特性分析提出靠港船舶减排路径。

Study on vessel emission inventory based on STEAM

The present paper is aimed at making an analysis of the exhaust emission inventory of the on-port vessels based on the ship traffic emission exhaust assessment model (STEEAM) via the automatic identification system (AIS)data.As is known,with the establishment of China's ship emissions control areas,an ever more broad attention has been paid to the vessel emission pollution from the different social circles.Among them,particular concern has been shown to the vessels calling the ports along the inland waterways as their emissions tend to exacerbate air pollution over the nearby cities.Seeing the aforementioned ever-increasing need to clarify the problem,we have simplified and localized the model to meet the actual necessity.In this paper,we have established a "bottom-up" activity-based vessel emissions inventory in combination with the vessel data from the AIS (including the emission due to the vessel speed and harbor localization,etc.),the vessel profile database (including the vessel types and the engine power) and the field investigation results (including the emission reduction technology,the fuel type,the sulphur content,etc.).All of the above mentioned parameters are necessary to be included so as to work out the emission sum-total from the main and auxiliary engines,including the relevant load factors,the emission factor,the fuel correction factor,and the emissions control factor,as can be gained from the literature review.And,then,we have applied the above research results to Nanjing Longtan port.The results of the above investigations show that the total vessel emissions of Longtan port in terms of PM10,PM2.5,NOx,SOx,CO,HC,CO2 in 2014 are estimated at about 3.452 9 t,2.762 3 t,196.004 4 t,2.896 6 t,20.624 5 t,8.127 8 t and 12 554.289 5 t,respectively.At the same time,based on the analysis of the share of the port emissions,vessels should be responsible for the primary exhaust emission of SOx and NOx in the port,accounting for 70.76％ and 58.16％,accordingly,which reveals the great urgency of vessel emissions reduction there.What's more,based on the analysis of Longtan port emission features,we have brought about necessary measures for reducing the vessel emissions as shown below:(1) developing an advanced exhaust disposal technology to meet stricter emission-control standards;(2) enforcing the local emission control policies;(3)connecting its own power assumption system to the shore powerline when berthing;(4) exploring the possibility to substitute use of electricity by liquefied natural gas.The methods and conclusions of the paper can be expected to lay out a scientific basis for controlling the pollutant emission both for the port and the whole country.