基于脆弱性分析的隧道施工安全管理问题研究

隧道施工安全管理不仅要关注常规体系下的技术细节,更要注重安全管理系统本身脆弱性所带来的突变。从脆弱性的角度进行隧道施工安全管理系统自身薄弱环节的辨识和分析。首先基于系统脆弱性的内涵分析了隧道施工安全管理系统的组成要素及内外部扰动源,形成了隧道施工安全管理脆弱性的分析模式。随后,基于ISM方法剖析脆弱性因素间的耦合关系,将其划分为11个层级,从而构建了脆弱性评价的层级体系。最后,以山西吕梁某隧道施工项目为例,分析安全管理资料和两起安全事故,提出了该项目安全管理系统的脆弱性因素及有针对性的改进措施。ISM及案例分析结果表明,ISM方法有效实现了脆弱性因素的层级划分,脆弱性指标直接反映安全管理系统的薄弱点。通过脆弱性分析能够发掘隧道施工安全管理系统的薄弱环节,并为系统的动态持续优化提供决策依据。

Study on the tunnel construction safety engineering management based on the vulnerability analysis

The present paper is intended to identify and expose the weak links of the tunnel construction safety management system,so as to optimize the safety management in this way.For the said purpose,we have to first of all bring about the proper approach to the successful implementation of the safety management based on the vulnerability analysis in the civil engineering construction enterprises,the supervision companies and the other project participants.Secondly,we do think it is necessary to define and analyze the components and the interferences of the tunnel construction safety management system in terms of the key points of the system vulnerability in this line from the point of view of the 3 aspects of the management,that is,the object,the function and the aspects of management.So far as we know,the factors of the system interference can be divided into the external interferences and internal interferences.And,thirdly,we have also established a framework of vulnerability assessment,which may include the analysis of the key factors,the index system construction,the index decoupling and the evaluation model construction.Through the methods of data investigation,on-the-spot investigation and the expert evaluation,the key factors of vulnerability analysis and the project collaboration of the 6 aspects,that is,the safety organization,behavior control,safety technology,site and facilities and emergency events management.Through the analysis of the coupling relationship between the factors the ISM method involves,we have classified the vulnerability factors into 11 levels in accordance with the hierarchy of the vulnerability indicators.And,finally,we have done the analysis of the vulnerability factors of the safety management system of a railway construction project in Lüliang mountaneous range,Shanxi,which involves the design depth,the depth of investigation,the effectiveness of the safety and protection equipment and facilities,the organizational conflict,the mature degree of the special emergency plans,etc.The aforementioned analysis has enabled us to realize that the safety management system should be optimized from the following two aspects:reducing the sensitivity and improving the adaptability.The results of the above analyses show that the ISM method can effectively help to realize the hierarchy of the evaluation indexes,which can be described as the weak points of the tunnel construction safety management system.Thus,the vulnerability analysis can help the engineering project to tight closely the weak links of the system,and provide a basis for decision making of the dynamic optimization of the system.