基于AHP-CRITIC的电梯安全性评估

针对电梯安全评估方法中指标权重主观性大的问题,为提高评估结果的科学性,综合AHP法、CRITIC法和模糊综合评价理论,建立了电梯安全性评估模型。从设备情况、使用情况、人员管理3个方面出发,构建了电梯安全性评估指标体系。采用AHP法,根据专家经验构造判断矩阵,得到指标的主观权重。采用CRITIC法,计算同一指标的对比强度和指标间的冲突性,得到指标的客观权重。通过加权求和的方式,兼顾主客观权重,得到指标的综合权重。基于模糊综合评价法,应用"升半梯形分布"对各级指标构造模糊评估矩阵,并量化评估结果向量。以南京市某电梯为实例,应用该模型得出此电梯的安全值为68.8,安全等级为"较安全",与此电梯的实际情况相符;并与其他方法所得的评估结果进行比较,进一步验证了该模型的正确性和有效性。

On the safety evaluation of the elevator based on AHP-CRITIC criteria

This paper is aimed to introduce a safety evaluation model for elevator based on the method for the analytic hierarchy process (AHP),the CRITIC method and the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation theory.In this paper,starting from the analysis of the characteristic features of the elevator and the corresponding social and environment factors,we have worked out a safety evaluation index system for elevator based on the exploration of the factors related to the elevator safety,such as the human factors and those of the equipment itself and its management.To be exact,the evaluation index system we have adopted consists of three first-grade indexes and eighteen second-grade indexes.And,next,we have resolved to adopt the AHP method to gain the subjective weights of all the indexes based on the evaluation matrix according to the opinion of the experts concerned.Nevertheless,the weights obtained by AHP method cannot be merely all-inclusive,which pushed us to resolve to apply the CRITIC method for assessing the objective weights of all the indexes through the analysis of the contrastive strength in the index and the conflict of the various indexes.And,then,the final weights can be determined through the comprehensive application of the above two methods.The reason we have divided the elevator safety into five levels and established a safety evaluation model based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory is that we have taken into account the complicated and fuzzy nature of the safety evaluation index system for elevator.And,furthermore,we have taken an elevator in Nanjing as a case study sample for the safety evaluation by using the model.Our evaluation steps can be stated as follows:firstly,in accordance with the results of expert inspection,we have prepared a fuzzy membership matrix via the "L semitrapezoid distribution".Then,the fuzzy membership matrix has been worked out as the safety scores,which turns to be equal to 68.8,indicating that the elevator's comprehensive safety status in-situ is quite safe.In addition,the status-in-situ of the equipment,the running situation and personal management of the said elevator should be attributed to 69.2,70.8 and 66.0,respectively,which is in accord with the present actual operation state.Besides,we have also done our evaluation for the elevator with the method in reference to its documents for its historically recorded data.The comparative analysis shows that the evaluation results obtained by AHP method is not only in full accord with the practical situation,but also proves the model we established correct and effective by nature.