黄土高原地区1961—2000年间土壤水分变化模拟与分析

论文应用Vrsmarty水量平衡模型模拟黄土高原地区的土壤水分对全球气候变化的响应。该模型综合考虑了土壤、植被、高程、温度、太阳辐射、水汽压、风速和降雨等因子对土壤水分的影响。模型运行的结果表明,黄土高原地区土壤水分在1961—2000年期间是一种逐渐减小的变化趋势:该地区6月的平均土壤水分从1960s的42.3 mm降低到了1990s的38 mm;10月的土壤水平均值从1960s的93.9 mm降低到了1990s的56.7 mm,这种变化的原因是降雨量不断减少,年平均降水从1960s的443 mm降低到了1990s的406 mm,同时潜在蒸发量也在不断减少,月最大潜在蒸发量从1960s的190 mm降低到了1990s的142 mm。

Simulation and Analysis on Soil Moisture Changes from 1961 to 2000 in the Loess Plateau Region

For simulating the soil moisture responses to global climate change in the Loess Plateau region, Vrsmarty’s Water Balance Model was amended and used in this research. Soil property, vegetation type, altitude, temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and precipitation were taken into consideration in the model. The results, based on the analysis of model output, show that the soil moisture in the Loess Plateau region was decreasing from 1961 to 2000, the average value of the whole region decreased in June from 42.3 mm in the 1960s to 38 mm in the 1990s, while in October from 93.9 mm to 56.7 mm. The main cause for this is the decrease of precipitation, the annual precipitation decreased from 500 mm to 417 mm in the corresponding period. However, the evapotranpiration was also decreasing, the maximum monthly evapotranspiration decreased from 190 mm in the 1960s to 142 mm in the 1990s. Though temperature was increasing, the main reason for the decreasing evapotranspiration was the decreasing solar radiation due to human activity.