河流健康评价中不同标准化方法的应用与比较

年5月与2010年5—6月对浑太河流域开展大型底栖动物野外生态调查,分别使用水质法(水质指标标准化法)、栖境法(栖息地质量评价指标标准化法)和综合法(水质与栖息地质量评价指标结合的标准化法)筛选参照点和受损点,构建IBI(生物完整性指数)以对研究区域的健康状况作出评价. 结果表明:不同标准化方法筛选的参照点与受损点不同,其中,水质法与栖境法筛选的参照点与受损点数量多于综合法. 不同标准化方法构建的IBI核心参数不同,仅有4个参数〔总分类单元数、EPT分类单元数(蜉蝣目、積翅目、毛翅目三目昆虫分类单元数之和)、耐污类群相对丰度和黏附者相对丰度〕为3种方法所共有. 不同标准化方法对河流健康的评价结果不同,其中,水质法与栖境法对浑太河健康状况的评价等级整体高于综合法. 比较不同标准化方法选择参照点的准确率可知,栖境法的准确率(75%)优于水质法(50%)和综合法(67%)；而在选择受损点的准确率中,水质法(100%)和综合法(100%)均优于栖境法(89％). 

Standardized Methods for Selecting Reference and Impaired Sites to Evaluate River Health

In May 2009and from May to June in 2010, a survey of aquatic organisms was carried out in Huntai River basin. A study using three quantitative methods for selecting reference sites and impaired sites was conducted to create the index of biological integrity (IBI) based on community data of macroinvertebrates, and to further evaluate the river health of the selected region. The three criteria included water quality parameters, habitat quality evaluation, and assessment of integrated water quality and habitat quality. When different reference and impaired sites were selected with different methods, either water quality criteria or habitat quality criteria selected more sites as reference than the integrated criteria. A significant difference was observed in constructing the IBI core metrics, as only four parameters (i.e., total taxa, EPT taxa, relative abundance of tolerant taxa, and relative abundance of clingers) were common among all three criteria. The assessment results showed that Huntai River was under better condition when assessed with either water quality criteria or habitat quality criteria, but under worse condition when assessed with the integrated criteria. Additionally, habitat quality criteria showed a higher accuracy rate (75%) than either water quality or integrated criteria (50% and 67%, respectively) in selecting the reference sites, while for the impaired sites, water quality (100%) and integrated criteria (100%) had a higher accuracy rate than habitat evaluation (89%).