沙尘天气对大气环境质量影响的量化研究

利用沙尘天气年鉴资料和颗粒物浓度监测数据,构建了沙尘天气对大气环境质量影响的量化指标(贡献率和绝对贡献),并利用该量化指标分析了沙尘天气对位于沙尘源区和影响区内典型城市大气环境的影响,同时比较了沙尘天气对北京城、郊区的不同影响. 结果表明:2001—2009年沙尘天气对沙尘源区城市呼和浩特的贡献率年均值为6.84%,对影响区内的城市北京、天津、济南的贡献率年均值分别为5.96%、3.57%、1.66%；沙尘天气对沙尘源区城市(呼和浩特)和影响区城市(北京、天津和济南)的贡献率最大值均出现在3月,其中,对呼和浩特、北京、天津、济南的贡献率最大值分别达到19.21%、15.02%、9.41%和8.69%；2000年4月和2001年3月沙尘天气对北京ρ(PM₁₀)的绝对贡献较大,分别为0.062和0.077mg/m3,占GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》ρ(PM₁₀)二级标准限值(0.15mg/m3)的41.3%和51.3%；沙尘天气过程对于北京城、郊区的影响也不完全一致. 

Quantitative Research on Sandstorm Effects on Environmental Air Quality

Based on the data of the sandstorm weather almanac and the data of observed particulate matter concentration, the quantitative index of sandstorm effect on environmental quality was defined. Meanwhile, the sandstorm effect on air quality in source areas and affected areas were analyzed using this quantitative index. Moreover, the difference of impacts in the urban and rural areas in Beijing was analyzed. The results showed that:1) The annual average contribution rate of the sandstorm effect on Hohhot which is near the source areas was 6.84%, on Beijing which is the affected areas was 5.96%, on Tianjin was 3.57% and on Jinan was 1.66%, from 2001to 2009respectively. 2) The maximum contribution rate of the sandstorm effect on source areas and affected areas was on March with 19.21% of Hohhot, 15.02% of Beijing, 9.14% of Tianjin and 8.69% of Jinan. 3) The absolute contribution of the sandstorm effects on Beijing's air quality were serious in April of 2000and in March of 2001with 0.062and 0.077mg/m3respectively. The proportions of the national second grand standard of the ambient air quality (0.15mg/m3) were 41.3% and 51.3%. 4) The sandstorm effect on the urban and rural areas of Beijing was not completely consistent.