城市建设用地利用效率的空间非均衡及影响因素

探寻空间差异视角下中国城市建设用地利用效率的基本特征及其内在机制对于创新城市建设用地高效配置路径、实现区域协调发展具有重要的现实意义。本文以中国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)2001—2014年数据为研究样本,在构建城市建设用地利用效率评价指标体系的基础上,采用数据包络分析方法测度中国城市建设用地利用效率综合指数,并根据MookherieeShorrocks提出的基尼系数分解方法,结合面板数据模型对中国城市建设用地利用效率的空间非均衡程度及其影响因素进行了定量刻画。结果表明:1中国城市建设用地利用效率表现出明显的空间非均衡特征,基本呈现出东部地区西部地区中部地区的地理格局,且从数据包络分析结果来看,中国城市建设用地利用效率总体上呈下降趋势,平均效率指数从2001年的0.750 1下降至2014年的0.694 8;2在全国层面和区域层面,城市建设用地利用效率的空间非均衡程度均不断加剧,基尼系数表现出"稳定上升——逐渐下降——趋于稳定"的变化路径,且从东、中、西部地区基尼系数平均值来看,东部地区城市建设用地利用效率的空间非均衡程度低于中部和西部地区;3三大区域分组设定的情况下,组内差异增加是中国城市建设用地利用效率空间非均衡程度加剧的主要来源,但其贡献率表现出逐渐缩小的趋势;4政策因素、发展因素、规模因素和结构因素是导致城市建设用地利用效率空间非均衡的主要原因,但是从面板数据模型回归结果来看,仅在西部地区,所有变量都通过了显著性检验,在全国和东、中部地区,各变量的显著性结果存在差异。

Spatial inequality and influencing factors of utilization efficiency of urban construction land

To explore the basic characteristics and its inner mechanism of utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land from the perspective of spatial difference is of important practical significance for the innovation of efficient allocation path of urban construction land and realization of the coordinated development of regional implementation.Taking the data of China's 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2001 to 2014 as the sample and constructing utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land evaluation index system, this paper measured the composite index of utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land by Data Envelopment Analysis.Besides, according to the Gini coefficient decomposition method proposed by Mookherjee & Shorrocks, this study quantitatively described the spatial extent and factors of utilijaation efficiency of China's urban construction land by Panel Data Model.The results showed that: ①Spatial inequality was obvious for utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land in the research period, which basically presefited the a geological patten with eastern region ＞ western region ＞ central region, and from the result of Data Envelopment Analysis, the utdlzatlon effictency of China's urban cpnstructmn land was in a downward trend in general, of which average efficient index declined from 0.750 1 (2001) to 0.694 8 (2014).②The spatial disequilibrium of utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land was growing at national and regional level.and its Gini coefficient changed from stably increasing ,gradually declinin to stable status.Besides, in the view of the mean value of Gini coefficient of eastern, central and western regions, the spatial inequality of eastern region was lower than central and western regions.③Incase group setting of three regions, increasing discrepancy in the group was the main source of increasing spatial inequality of utilization efficiency of China's urban construction land, but this contribution rate was declining.④ Policy, development, scale and structural factors were the main reasons resulting the spatial disequilibrium.However, from the regression result of Panel Data Model, variables of western regions passed the significance test, while the significance results of variables of eastern region, central regional and at the national level were different.