中国农村能源正义的法律实现

为了厘清中国能源正义的现况,为《能源法》的制定提供直接参考,本文选择中国农村能源正义作为具体的研究对象,主要采用规范分析的研究方法,从能源正义和农村能源正义的概念界定入手,描述了中国农村能源不正义的事实现况和法律现况,指出了中国农村环境正义法律实现的路径,并阐释了法律实现的关键。本文认为,农村能源正义是指,能源的所有方、供给服务方、消费方等主体不因其农民的身份性质、农村的地域分布和农业的禀赋强弱等因素,而应在能源的勘探开发、加工转换、仓储运输、供给服务等领域享有平等的对待和实质的参与;农村能源不正义的事实现况主要表现为农村能源并未全面体现能源的自然、经济、安全和生态等多维价值,而其法律现况则主要表现为现有的能源立法并未对农村能源在分配、程序、矫正和社会正义上做系统的表达。本文指出,中国农村能源正义法律实现的路径,其逻辑起点在于保障农民的能源权,应首先从法律上正面规定公民的能源权,进而采用《能源法》的集中表达与相关法律部门的分散表达相结合的具体方式和步骤。本文建议,中国农村能源正义法律实现的关键是科学制定《能源法》,首先要明确其核心地位,处理好与《农业法》等法律部门之间的关系;其次要在总则中,重述立法目的、规定公民能源权、完善能源普遍服务;最后在《能源法》的分则中专设"农村能源"的章节,整合现有的《能源法(征求意见稿)》的内容,并从原则、规划、保障、生态化、公众参与、授权、救济、法律责任等方面进行优化。

The legal realization of China's rural energy justice

In order to figure out the status quo of China's energy justice to support the formulating of Energy Law, this paper chooses China's rural energy justice as the research target, adopts normative analysis, describes the status quo in the reality and the law of China's rural energy justice, and points out the way and the key to realize China's rural energy justice.This paper deems that the rural energy justice is that all the energy owners, suppliers, and consumers should be treated fairly and substantial participate in the energy's exploration, exploitation, conversion, storage, transportation, supply, and services and so on, no matter their famer's identity, rural and agricultural facts.The status quo of rural energy injustice in the reality is that the rural energy does not fully reflect energy's multi-dimensional values such as natural, economic, safe and ecological;while in the law is that the current energy legislation does not express the rural energy systemically in the distributive, procedural, corrective and social justice.This paper reminds the logical starting point of the path for the realization of China's energy justice is to safeguard farmer's energy right, namely, citizen's energy right should be stipulated in the law, as well as the concentrated expression of Energy Law and the disperse expression of the relevant legal departments should be combined.This paper suggests that the point of the legal realization for China's rural energy justice is the scientific making Energy Law.Firstly, to clear its core status and properly handle its relationship with Agricultural Law;secondly, to iterate the purpose of the legislation, to stipulate of citizen's energy right and to improve the universal service provision in the general provisions;finally, to set Rural Energy as an independent chapter in the specific provisions, and to perfect the existing Energy Law (Draft) in the arenas of principle, planning, protection, ecologicalizaiton, public participation, empowerment, legal remedy, and legal responsibility.