内外资对中国碳排放影响的比较

国内外学者大多忽略内资而单独研究外资对碳排放的影响,本文基于碳排放核算公式和柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,从资本、劳动异质性角度将资本投入、劳动投入、技术进步按内外资企业分类构建了理论模型,然后基于2002—2014年中国30个省级行政区的相关数据采用经典的Moran’s I指数、局域LISA集群示意图进行了全局和局域空间相关性检验;最后构建空间面板模型比较分析了内外资企业资本投入、劳动投入、技术进步对中国碳排放的影响。结果表明:1中国各省区碳排放存在不可忽视的正向空间自相关性;2内外资企业的资本投入、劳动投入、技术水平的提高均会增加碳排放,其中技术进步因可能的回弹效应而对中国各省区碳排放带来正向影响;3与外资相比,同等幅度的资本投入和技术进步下内资企业带来的碳排放更多,而等量劳动投入下内资企业带来的碳排放更少;4内外资企业资本投入对碳排放的影响程度及其差异均为最大,而劳动投入和技术进步则相对较小。从"两害取其轻"这一相对意义上来看:与外资企业相比,内资企业才是2002—2014年中国碳排放增长的更大推手。由此认为:首先,中国各省级行政区应当以"联防联控"的治理思维来抑制碳排放增长,而不是"各自为政"的思维;其次,制定节能减排政策时应该更加重视回弹效应;最后,制定节能减排政策时应该以"共同而有区别的责任"态度来对待内外资企业,避免"一刀切"。

A comparative about the effects of foreign capital and domestic capital on carbon emissions

Many researchers studied the relation between foreign capital and carbon emissions but ignored the effect of domestic capital.Based on the accounting formulas of carbon emissions and Cobb-Douglas production function, this paper constructed a theory model by classifying capital input, labor input and technological progress according to foreign-funded and domestic-funded firms from the perspective of the heterogeneity of capital and labor.Then it used the classic Moran's Index and local LISA cluster diagram to test global and local spatial correlation by the panel data of 30 provinces from 2002 to 2014 in China;Finally,it analyzed the effect of capital input, labor input and technological progress of foreign-funded and domestic-funded enterprises on carbon emission by using the spatial panel models.The results showed that: first, there was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation among carbon emissions of China's provinces;second, the capital investment, labor and technological progress increased carbon emissions both in the domestic-funded firms and foreign-funded firms, and technological progress had a positive impact on the carbon emission due to the rebound effects;third, compared with foreign capital, increasing the same amount of capital investment and technical progress in domestic-funded firms brought more carbon emissions, while increasing the same amount of labor input brought less carbon emissions;fourth, compared with labor input and technological progress, capital input greatly affected carbon emission and had a large gap between domestic-funded and foreign-funded firms.From the sense of 'the lesser of two evils', domestic firms was the larger driver of carbon emissions in China compared with foreign-funded firms.Thus, we think that firstly all provinces should take 'joint control and prevention' management thought to inhibit the growth of carbon emissions;secondly, when formulating energy saving and emission reduction policies we should pay more attention to the rebound effect;lastly, when formulating energy saving and emission reduction policies we should adopt the 'common but differentiated responsibilities' principle between domestic-funded and foreign-funded firms to avoid the 'one size fits all'.