Population structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Symbiodinium</Emphasis> sp. associated with the common sea fan, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gorgonia ventalina</Emphasis>, in the Florida Keys across distance,depth, and time |
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Authors: | Nathan L Kirk Jason P Andras C Drew Harvell Scott R Santos Mary Alice Coffroth |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, 109 Cooke Hall, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;(2) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;(3) Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Life Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;(4) Department of Geology, 411 Cooke Hall, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA |
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Abstract: | Numerous marine invertebrates form endosymbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. However, few studies have examined the fine-scale population structure of these symbionts. Here, we describe the genetic
structure of Symbiodinium type “B1/B184” inhabiting the gorgonian Gorgonia
ventalina along the Florida Keys. Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were utilized to examine 16 populations along the Upper, Middle,
and Lower Keys spanning a range of ~200 km. Multiple statistical tests detected significant differentiation in 54–92% of the
120 possible pairwise comparisons between localities, suggesting low levels of gene flow in these dinoflagellates. In general,
populations clustered by geographic region and/or reefs in close proximity. Some of the sharpest population differentiation
was detected between Symbiodinium from deep and shallow sites on the same reef. In spite of the high degree of population structure, alleles and genotypes
were shared among localities, indicating some connectivity between Symbiodinium populations associated with G. ventalina.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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