Flammability envelopes for methanol,ethanol, acetonitrile and toluene |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, 98166 Messina;2. University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania;1. Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;2. Graduate School of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;3. Department of Safety Management, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;1. Federal University of Itajubá—UNIFEI, Mechanical Engineering Institute—IEM Av. BPS 1303, Itajubá, MG, CEP 37500-903, Brazil;2. São Paulo State University—UNESP, Campus of Guaratinguetá—FEG Av. Ariberto P. da Cunha, 333, Guaratinguetá, SP, CEP 12516-410, Brazil;3. National Space Research Institute—INPE, Combustion and Propulsion Laboratory—LCP Rod. Pres. Dutra, km 39, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, CEP 12630-000, Brazil;4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Tunja, Colombia;1. Dekra Process Safety, 113 Campus, Dr. Chilworth Technology, Princeton, NJ, USA;2. Dalhousie University, Process Engineering & Applied Science, Halifax, NS, Canada;3. Jensen Hughes, Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada;4. Otto von Guericke Universität, Institute of Instrumental and Environmental Technology, Department of Plant Design and Process Safety, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany;1. College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;3. School of Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK |
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| Abstract: | The flammability envelope was experimentally determined up to the point of vapor saturation for four flammable liquids: methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and toluene. The experimental apparatus consisted of a 20-L spherical chamber with a centrally located 10 J fuse wire igniter. The liquid was injected and vaporized into the chamber via a septum and a precision syringe. Nitrogen and oxygen were mixed from pure components using a precision pressure gauge. Pressure versus time data were measured for each ignition test. Flammability was defined as any ignition resulting in an increase in pressure of 7% over the initial pressure, as per ASTM E 918–83. All data were obtained at an initial temperature of 298 K and 1 atm. The experimental values of the LFL agreed well with published values. Limiting oxygen concentrations (LOC) were also determined—although these were somewhat lower than published values.The calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) method was used to model the data using a threshold temperature of 1200 K. A reasonable fit of the flammability envelope was obtained, although this could be improved with a higher threshold temperature. |
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