基于改进输出系数法的矿区重金属面源污染负荷核算模型

借鉴农业面源污染负荷核算研究成果,结合我国实际情况,以输出系数法为基础,提出矿区面源污染负荷核算模型.考虑重金属污染的来源和特点,将矿山地区的土地类型分为尾矿库区、降尘污染区、运输污染区和自然土地4类,分别计算各类型土地的输出系数.考虑到重金属在水中的溶出率影响,在模型中引入了溶出率因子,以构建适应矿区流域的重金属非点源污染负荷核算模型,并用该模型对浑河流域重金属面源负荷进行了估算.结果表明:矿山地区重金属污染主要来自运输污染区和自然土地,占总污染负荷的77%左右.从模拟过程和模拟结果可知,面源污染负荷核算模型所需原始资料较少,参数计算较方便,是计算矿山地区重金属面源污染负荷的可靠方法. 

Research on Heavy Metal Load Accounting in Mining Areas Using Improved Export Coefficient Method

Based on research on load accounting of agricultural non-point source pollution,a pollution load accounting model for mining areas was presented using an improved export coefficient method.Taking the sources and characteristics of heavy metal pollution into account,the mining area was divided into four districts: tailing district,polluted air dust district,ore transport district and naturally contaminated soil district.Export coefficients for each district were calculated separately.Considering the effect of dissolution rate of heavy metals on the results,dissolution rate was introduced into the improved model,which makes the model appropriate for the load accounting of non-point source pollution of heavy metals in mining areas.The developed model was used in non-point source pollution load accounting in the mining area in the Hunhe watershed.The simulation results showed that about 77% of the heavy metal pollution was from the ore transport and naturally contaminated soil districts.It could be found from the model calculation and the results that this model requires little original data and calculation,but is a reliable method for non-point source pollution load accounting in mining areas.