Assessment of external costs for transport project evaluation: Guidelines in some European countries |
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| Institution: | 1. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE, Central Environmental Laboratory, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., AS CR, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;3. Charles University, Faculty of Science, Vinicna 5, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic;4. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE, Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Laboratory of Forest Soils, Department of Forest Ecology, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People’s Republic of China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, United States;1. Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;2. Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany;3. Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;1. ETH Zurich, Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore;2. University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;4. Architecture and Sustainable Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Many studies about the external costs generated by the transport system have been developed in the last twenty years. To standardize methodologies and assessment procedures to be used in the evaluation of the projects, some European countries recently have adopted specific guidelines that differ from each other in some aspects even sensibly.This paper presents a critical analysis of the British, Italian and German guidelines and is aimed at cataloguing the external cost types regarded and the assessment methods indicated as well as to highlight the differences of the results, in terms of applicability and reliability. The goal is to contribute to a European standardization process that would lead to the drafting of guidelines suited for all EU countries. |
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