典型地质灾害链式机理研究

滑坡、泥石流与危岩是典型的地质灾害，每年由其造成的损失占到所有地质灾害的一半以上，针对典型地质灾害的链式规律进行深入研究，对于防灾减灾具有重大意义。从典型地质灾害的形成、发展过程入手，将灾害过程视为链式过程，将人为的工程防护治理措施视为断链过程。一个完整的链式过程包括致灾环、激发环、损害环和断链环。致灾环主要是由地质构造而形成的地质因素构成，激发环主要是由暴雨、地震、冰雪融水等非地质因素构成，损害环是由灾害发生后形成的灾害损失构成，断链环则是指工程治理与防护措施。

Research on Chain Rule of Typical Geological Disaster

It is of great significance for the disaster prevention to study the chain rule of typical geology disasters, including landslide, debris flow and perilous rock, which result in more than a half of all geological disasters annually. In the paper, commencing from the formation and development process of the typical geological disasters, the disaster process is considered as a chain process and the engineering measures for disaster prevention and control are regarded as a process of breaking chain. An integrity chain includes the disaster formation ring, triggering ring, damage ring and chain breaking ring. The disaster formation ring is mainly made of the geological factors. The triggering ring consists of non-geological factors, such as rain-storm, earthquake, ice snow etc. The damage ring consists of loss after disaster occurrence. The chain breaking ring refers to the countermeasures adopted in engineering.