亚洲环境执政理论与实践

发展中国家环境执政能力问题越来越引起人们的关注.在界定环境执政能力概念的基础上,分析了亚洲国家环境执政能力状况以解释这些国家面临的环境问题,并尝试分析亚洲国家环境管理从传统手段向市场手段转变的推动因素,最后提出了亚洲国家转向环境良治的扩大和加强区域、国家和地区机构网络,促进环境政策制定执行过程中权力的下放和向地方政府的转移,增加国家立法和其他政策制定机构中环境非政府组织和社区组织成员的比例,运用战略环境评价和战略环境管理理念,关注中小型企业遵守环境法规等政策、措施方面的建议.

Environmental Governance in Asia

Since mid-1990s,the issue of environmental governance(EG) in developing countries of Asia has attracted the attention of policy-makers as well as researchers.Environmental governance here is interpreted as a framework of values,norms,rules,policies and institutions,both formal and informal,that determine the individual and collective behaviour of different stakeholders in society and the interactions among them for environmental protection and conservation in a given place,whether local,national,corporate,regional or global.The author set the three agenda in this paper.First,to look into the current EG situation in Asia and provide some explanations for the continuing environmental degradation in this region.By so doing the author hoped that public debate and policy decisions for better corporate,local,national,regional and global EG would emerge in all countries around the world.Second,to examine the critical factors responsible for the change in government environmental policies from the command and control measures by the state to a new set of regulatory and market-based governance measures now increasingly observed in Asian countries.Government efforts to reduce air and water pollution and to deal with new sources of environmental pollution arising from increasing urbanization and changing lifestyles through quick response to an enormous upsurge of organized mass protest,though initially apparently successful,have failed miserably in developing countries of Asia.Many stakeholders within and outside Asian countries including intergovernmental and non-government organizations have come to claim the lack of good governance as a major cause of continuing environmental degradation in these countries.Third,to provide strategies,policies and measures for realizing good environmental governance in Asian countries and at the regional level by closely examining what developed countries,particularly Japan had done in this regard.