烟花爆竹禁燃对春节期间东北地区空气质量影响评估

利用2015—2017年春节期间东北地区主要大气污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2、CO和O3)质量浓度监测资料及相应气象因子(温度、湿度、风速和气压)观测资料,分析了春节期间烟花爆竹禁燃对东北地区空气质量的影响。结果表明:随着东北地区主要城市禁燃力度的增强,空气质量逐年提升,PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度逐年大幅度下降。禁燃可明显降低城区PM_(2.5)浓度,而由于春节期间污染源整体减少,城区和城郊监测点PM_(2.5)浓度值差异减小。烟花爆竹对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度影响高于对气体污染物SO_2、NO_2和CO的影响。此外,气象条件对东北地区春节期间禁燃改善空气质量的效果也有明显影响。因此,结合春节期间的气象条件,在东北地区实施禁燃政策动态调整非常必要。

Effects of Fireworks Forbidden on Air Quality During the Spring Festival in Northeast China

The effects of fireworks forbidden on air quality and the characteristics of atmospheric pollutants concentrations during the Spring Festival (2015-2017) in Northeast China was evaluated using ground monitoring data of major pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃) and corresponding meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure). The results showed that the air quality during the Spring Festival was significantly improved and the concentrations of SO₂ and PM_2.5 emitted from fireworks were significantly declined year by year in spatial-temporal scale because of the fireworks forbidden implementation. The PM_2.5 concentrations in urban area were significantly reduced by the fireworks prohibition, and the difference of PM_2.5concentration between urban and suburban sites had got close due to many pollutant sources decreasing or shut during the Spring Festival. The increased ranges of the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations from fireworks emissions were significantly higher than SO₂, NO₂ and CO concentrations. Also, meteorological conditions had obvious impact on the improvement of air quality in the Northeast China. Thus, it is necessary and effective to dynamically adjust and implement the preventative measures based on meteorological condition in Northeast China.