Nanoparticle emissions on Minnesota highways |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Campus scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy;2. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;3. Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA;4. Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto (ARPAV), Via Lissa 6, 30174 Mestre, (VE), Italy;1. State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;4. College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this project was to characterize on-road aerosol on highways surrounding the Minneapolis area. Data were collected under varying on-road traffic conditions and in residential areas to determine the impact of highway traffic on air quality. The study was focused on determining on-road nanoparticle concentrations, and estimating fuel-specific and particle emissions km−1.On-road aerosol number concentrations ranged from 104 to 106 particles cm−3. The highest nanoparticle concentrations were associated with high-speed traffic. At high vehicular speeds engine load, exhaust temperature, and exhaust flow all increase resulting in higher emissions. Less variation was observed in particle volume, a surrogate measure of particle mass. Most of the particles added by the on-road fleet were below 50 nm in diameter. Particles in this size range may dominate particle number, but contribute little to particle volume or mass. Furthermore, particle number is strongly influenced by nucleation and coagulation, which have little or no effect on particle volume. Measurements made in heavy traffic, speeds<32 km h−1, produced lower number concentrations and larger particles.Number concentrations measured in residential areas, 10–20 m from the highway, were considerably lower than on-road concentrations, but the size distributions were similar to on-road aerosol with high concentrations of very small (<20 nm) particles. Much lower number concentrations and larger particles were observed in residential areas located 500–700 m from the highway.Estimated emissions of total particle number larger than 3 nm ranged from 1.9 to 9.9×1014 particles km−1 and 2.2–11×1015 particles (kg fuel)−1 for a gasoline-dominated vehicle fleet. |
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