生活垃圾处理的碳排放和减排策略

利用质量平衡模型,在核算生活垃圾处理技术碳排放的基础上,通过低碳化程度评价方法,建立了面向不同层次需求的生活垃圾低碳化策略.研究结果表明,餐厨垃圾产沼利用、生活垃圾填埋气收集利用和焚烧发电的低碳化程度最高,分别为93.7%、75.3%和71.0%.在不具备上述处理条件的地区,可以采用准好氧填埋,或在填埋之前进行好氧稳定预处理实现碳减排,其低碳化程度分别为61.8%和56.7%.根据目前生活垃圾的处理情况,估算我国每年生活垃圾处理过程将形成甲烷排放超过600万t,总碳排放约1.5亿t;而通过实施低碳化处理策略,2015年甲烷排放可减少至约500万t,总碳排放减少至1.3亿t.

Carbon emission and its reduction strategies during municipal solid waste treatment

Based on the calculation of carbon emission from municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment processes by using the mass balance model, a low-carbon strategy for MSW management was established by evaluating the relatively low-carbon degree of these processes. Restaurant garbage digestion for methane production, MSW landfill for gas utilization, and incineration for power production had the lowest carbon emission, with low-carbon degrees of 93.7%, 75.3% and 71.0%, respectively. In areas where the above technologies were limited, semi-aerobic landfill and landfill with an aerobic stabilization pretreatment were also effective for carbon emission reduction, and their low-carbon degrees were 61.8% and 56.7%, respectively. According to the present MSW treatment status in China, it was estimated that the CH4 emission was above 6 million tons and the total carbon emission was about 150 million tons per year from MSW treatment. With the implementation of the low-carbon management strategy, in 2015, the CH4 emission and the total carbon emission could be reduced to approximately 5 million tons and 130 million tons, respectively.