我国北方某地区居民涉水活动的皮肤暴露参数

选择我国北方某地区居民(2 500人)开展皮肤暴露参数及与水介质相关的主要暴露活动、频率等研究. 结果表明:该地区成年人皮肤总表面积为1.68 m2，男性和女性分别为1.75和1.62 m2. 不同部位皮肤体表面积在不同年龄段有所不同，儿童期头部所占比例较大，且随年龄增加所占比例逐渐降低，腿等下肢则与此相反，所占比例随年龄增加而增加. 不同的暴露情景和季节，皮肤暴露面积也不同. 不同年龄段不同性别人群涉水活动频率及类型有所不同，成年人各种涉水活动频率的性别间差异较大，男性涉水时间较短，且以洗澡为主(占51%)，其次为洗手、洗脸、洗衣服、洗头等，分别占总涉水时间的12%，12%，9%和9%；而女性涉水活动较为复杂，且所占比例相对均衡，洗衣服所占比例最高(占29%)，洗澡所占比例相对较少，为23%，洗碗、洗菜等家务劳动所占比例也较多，分别为16%和13%，其余个人洗刷频率与男性差别不大. 鉴于我国人群皮肤暴露参数长期缺失的不利现状，建议进一步开展基于我国人群的大规模相关研究，以填补我国在该项研究中的空白. 

Water-Related Activity and Dermal Exposure Factors of People in Typical Areas of Northern China

Two thausand and five hundred people in Miyang County in Henan province were selected as research subjects for this study.Their water-related activities and other dermal exposure factors were acquired by questionnaires and field measurements.Skin surface area of adults in this area is 1.68 m~2.The surface areas of males and females are 1.75 and 1.62 m~2,respectively.Additionally,surface area of different body parts varied with aging.The ratio of head to total body surface area was highest at the youngest ag...