A thermal hazard risk evaluation of emulsion polymerisation and vinyl acetate monomers in the latex manufacturing process |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), 123 University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, YunTech, 123 University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC;1. Xi''an University of Science and Technology, Xi''an, 710054, Shaanxi, China;2. Xi''an Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety and Fire Rescue, Xi''an, 710054, Shaanxi, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2088, USA;3. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China;1. ETSI Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Laboratorio Oficial JM de Madariaga, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Getafe, Spain;1. Guangdong Engineering Center for Structure Safety and Health Monitoring, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China;2. MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China;3. China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co.,Ltd., Langfang, Hebei Province, China;4. Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China |
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| Abstract: | Latex is extensively used in industrial products. However, completing some processes at scale leads to unacceptable levels of risk that need to be quantified and mitigated. Systemic risks must be eliminated wherever possible, and safety takes priority over efficiency and quality. To assess the process risks accurately, four raw materials were examined in this study: polyvinyl acetate (PVA), latex process-initiator-ammonium persulfate (APS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). The physicochemical composition of the PVA latex process was determined via calorimeters, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vent sizing package 2 (VSP2). The calorimetry results showed that the protective colloid was a critical component in the polymerisation reaction. In addition, when adding initiators to the system, it is vital to observe the normal ratio of materials and keep the stirring system operating. The scenario system also simulated the effects of shutting down various inhibitory programs, including the build-up of free radicals that could result in a runaway reaction when the initiator was added in excess. On the other hand, the result of the risk matrix displayed as a medium level, indicating that although the probability of an accident is low, the resulting severity is at disaster level. As a result, this study provides process safety engineers with a reliable frame of reference for assessing the potential dangers in the PVA latex manufacturing process. |
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| Keywords: | Process risk Latex process Calorimetry Runaway reaction Risk matrix |
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