基于MOVES的轻型车颗粒物排放来源和特征分析

利用实测数据对MOVES模型进行本地化修正,测算了轻型车颗粒物的排放来源以及粒径、组分构成特征。分析结果表明,全部颗粒物中,轻型汽油车的非尾气排放PM10所占比例为72.70%,PM2.5为42.64%;轻型柴油车非尾气排放PM10所占比例为40.78%,PM2.5为15.41%。2种燃油车辆的尾气排放颗粒物主要来源于尾气管排放,粒径集中在0~2.5 μm;而非尾气排放颗粒物主要来源于刹车磨损,粒径集中在2.5~10 μm。轻型汽油车的尾气排放颗粒物主要组分为有机碳,轻型柴油车则为元素碳和有机碳。进一步分析不同速度下颗粒物排放变化发现:轻型车非尾气排放颗粒物随行驶速度的增大而降低,而尾气排放颗粒物则随速度的增大先降低后升高;非尾气排放颗粒物占全部颗粒物比例随速度的增大先升高再降低;全部颗粒物中PM2.5的比例则随速度的增大先降低后升高。

Particle sources and characteristics of light duty vehicle based on MOVES model

MOVES model was localized with test data, and then the emission sources of particulate matter, particle size and component of light duty vehicle (LDV) were calculated using MOVES. The analysis results indicate that for both exhaust and non-exhaust PM sources, non-exhaust PM10 of light duty gasoline vehicle (LDGV) accounts for 72.70% of total PM10, the percentage of PM2.5 is 42.64%. While non-exhaust PM10 of light duty diesel vehicle (LDDV) accounts for 40.78% of total PM10, the percentage of PM2.5 is 15.41%. The exhaust PM of two fuel type vehicles mainly comes from tailpipe emission and the particle size is concentrated in 0~2.5 μm. While non-exhaust PM mainly comes from brake wear and the particle size is concentrated in 2.5~10 μm. The main components in exhaust PM of LDGV are organic carbon, and that of LDDV are element carbon and organic carbon. Further, the changes of PM emissions with speed were analyzed, and the results reveal that with the increasing of speed, non-exhaust PM of LDV is reduced, while the exhaust PM is dropped first, and then begins to rise. The ratio of non-exhaust PM to total PM rises with the increase of speed first, and then decreases. While the proportion of PM2.5 in all PM reduces with the increase of speed first, and then increases.