基于泰尔指数分解的美国海洋经济发展时空分异研究

基于1994-2016年美国人均海洋产值,运用核密度估计、泰尔指数分解法测算分析了美国八大海洋区域和30个沿海州海洋经济发展的时空分异特征。结果表明:(1)1994-2004年、2005-2016年,美国人均海洋产值密度总体呈"多波峰"和"窄峰形"的特征,符合发达经济体总体发展稳定、局部分化的特点。(2)泰尔指数分解表明,美国海洋经济区域差异维持在较高水平,主要来源于沿海八大海洋区域间的差异。(3)太平洋地区、北太平洋地区和墨西哥湾地区对区域差异增大起正向作用,五大湖地区、东南地区和沿大西洋中部地区则起负向作用。在此基础上,从资源禀赋和地理区位、人口迁移和技术进步、经济周期性波动和自由贸易政策等方面探讨了美国海洋经济区域差异的主要原因。

Study on the Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Ocean Economy in the US Based on Theil Index Decomposition

For a period,the development of the ocean economy took an active part in the American national economy. The spatial-tempo ral differentiations from 1994 to 2016 were measured based on Kernel Density Estimation and Theil Index decomposition for different scaled ar eas(coastal region and coastal state). The results showed that:(1)In the two periods of 1994-2004 and 2005-2016,the per capita ocean out put value and the shoreline economic density generally showed the characteristics of"multiple peaks"and"narrow peaks". It was consistent with the stable development of the developed economies and the chara cteristics of local differentiation.(2)The Theil index decomposition showed that the spatial difference of ocean economy in the US were maintained at a high level,which was derived from the disparities between the eight major coastal regions. Pacific,North Pacific and Gulf of Mexico had a negative effect on the growth of regional disparities. While Great Lakes,Southeastern region and Mid-Atlantic had a positive one on it. Finally,this paper briefly analyzed the main courses for spatial disparities from resource endowment and geographical location,population migration and technological progress,economic cyclical fluctuations and free trade policy.