基于灾害风险评估的山地城市固定避难场所布局优化研究——以东川区为例

研究以各区域灾害风险评估系数作为权重系数,对山地小城市各区域避难场所进行优化布局。首先,通过风险值=危险性*脆弱性/抗灾救灾能力机理表达式构建灾害风险评估指标体系,并以模糊综合评价法得出灾害风险评估数值,在此基础上通过多目标选址优化模型来构建山地城市避难场所的优化模型,其中灾害风险评估系数作为影响布局的权重因素纳入其中。最后,以东川区为研究对象,对其固定避难场所进行优化布局研究,结果表明:东川区城区固定避灾场所数量可在接近最优解的情况下达到效果最优。

Study on layout optimization of fixed refuge in mountainous city based on disaster risk assessment——Take Dongchuan district for example

Study takes risk assessment coefficients for different regions as weight coefficients when we optimize the spatial layout of disaster avoidance in Mountainous Cities.First,we construct disaster risk assessment index system through Risk=(Hazard*Vulnerability)/Capacity and calculate disaster risk assessment value by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method;on this basis,we construct optimization model of disaster avoidance space in Mountain Cities by multi-objective programming model,and disaster risk assessment coefficient is included as the weight factor affecting the layout.Last,Dongchuan district as the object of research,we optimize its layout of fixed shelters,results show that the quantity of fixed shelters in urban area of Dongchuan can reach the best effect when it nearly approach the optimal solution.