镉胁迫对豆科作物生理生态效应研究进展

镉(Cd)污染对豆科作物的生理生态可产生较大影响.低浓度的Cd胁迫对豆科作物的生物量与株高、根长的增长具有一定的刺激效应,但高浓度的Cd胁迫对豆科作物生长有抑制效应;Cd在豆科作物各器官的富集和分布,存在根>茎>叶>籽粒的规律;Cd胁迫可导致豆科作物的细胞亚微结构发生变化,并可使DNA发生变化,诱导细胞衰老;在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)等保护性酶的调节下,可以在一定程度上缓解Cd胁迫对豆科作物膜脂的过氧化伤害作用,但这种保护作用有一定限度.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,就Cd胁迫豆科作物的试验研究方法及其对豆科作物的生理生态效应进行了简要综述,并指出了存在的问题与发展前景.

Advances on Physiological and Ecological Effects of Cadmium on Legume Crops

Cadmium pollution has great influences on physiology and ecology of legume crops.Low concentrations of Cd can boost the biomass,plant height,and root length of legume crops,but high concentrations Cd have restraining effects.Usually,Cd contents in different organs of legume crops follow the sequence of root >stem >leaf >grain.Cd stress can markedly change the subcellular structure and DNA,and can induce cell senescence.Due to regulation of the protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD),the peroxidation of membrane lipid in legume crops induced by Cd stress can be relieved to a certain degree.This paper summarizes the research methods for Cd stress experiments to legume crops,and the recent advances in the physiological and ecological effects of Cd on legume crops,and puts forward the existing problems in the relevant studies and the developmental direction in the future.