西双版纳热带雨林榕树种群变化与环境的关系

植物物种的多样性在生态环境保护中具有重要的地位。西双版纳热带雨林生物多样性极为丰富,是我国生物多样性研究的关键地区。榕树是热带雨林中的关键植物类群之一,关于该地区榕树种群变化与环境关系的研究结果表明：①西双版纳热带雨林内已知榕属植物有69种、变种和亚种,其中榕亚属有23个种和变种;白肉榕亚属有4个种;聚果榕亚属有2个种和变种;无花果亚属有41个种、亚种和变种;西双版纳是中国榕树种群最丰富的地区。②榕树的分布与环境有着密切的关系,榕树种类和数量以保护完好的热带原始雨林最为丰富,在该类环境中的榕以高大乔木、乔木为主;被破坏林地和次生林内的榕树种群则以小乔木、灌木、灌丛、木质藤本为主;而热带雨林环境破坏严重的地区中则以一部分先锋榕树种为主。③保护好热带雨林中的关键植物类群榕属,是保护和恢复热带雨林生态环境的重要措施之一。

Relationship between population variation of fig trees and environment in the tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna

The species diversity of the plant plays an important role in the ecological environment conservation. In the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna the biological diversity is extremely rich, and which is a key region used to biological diversity research. And the fig is a key plant species in the tropical rainforest. The research results about the relationship between the variation of the figs population and environment of the region were following: 1. There were 69 species, variants and subspecies Ficus plant that was known in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, thereinto there were 23 species and subspecies owned to the Urostigma, and the Pharmacosyea had four species; the Sycomorrus two species and subspecies; while the Ficus owned 41 species, subspecies and variants, then Xishuangbanna borne the most richness and diversity of fig species and numbers in China. 2. The distribution of the figs had intimate connection with the environment, and the species and the quantities showed the most richness in the tropical primary rainforest that was protected well and almost intact, where the figs were mainly to be arbors and giant arbors; and in the devastated stand and secondary forest dwarf arbors, shrubs, bushes and ligneous liana possessed the most in the fig species; while in such regions of tropical rainforest environment that have been destroyed seriously one proportion of the pioneer species of the figs were the main members. 3. Only the key colony of Ficus can be conserved in the tropical rainforest, can the whole ecological environment of the tropical rainforest be protected and rehabilitated, which was one of the important measures to realize it.