Plume behaviors observed using lidar and SF6 tracer at a flat and hilly site |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan;2. Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan;3. Perinatal Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Japan;4. Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection, Tokyo, Japan;5. Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA;1. Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512, USA;2. Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA;3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA |
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| Abstract: | Two field experiments, one at Kincaid, IL, in flat terrain, the other at Bull Run, TN, in rolling terrain, were conducted under the auspices of the Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) Plume Model Validation and Development program. Simultaneous observations were made of ground-level SF6 concentrations; plume cross-sections using light detection and ranging (lidar); turbulence; and routine meteorology at the surface and aloft. Due to terrain influences, surface wind-speeds at the Bull Run site were significantly lower than those at the Kincaid site, whereas thermal winds at Kincaid were generally larger than at Bull Run. At both sites, a reduction in turbulent intensity and an increase in atmospheric stability with height correlate with a substantial decrease in the rate of vertical plume dispersion. SF6 ground-level concentration (GLC) patterns over distances of 1–50 km from the source were categorized by shape. The GLC patterns at Bull Run were frequently ‘blobby’, when significant GLCs occurred over an azimuth angle exceeding 90°, whereas patterns at Kincaid were generally coherent and nearly elliptical. Plume behavior was examined for 154 h during which both GLCs of SF6 tracer and lidar cross-sections of the plume were of good quality. Results show that plume looping was rare at Kincaid, but occurred substantially more often at Bull Run (3%: 14%), with the reverse true for meandering (11%: 14%). Inversions that trapped plume material occurred much more often at Kincaid that at Bull Run (11%: <1%). Correlation of cross-wind concentration distributions of the plume aloft with those cross-wind SF6 concentrations distributions at the ground were poor at both sites. |
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