Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to water surfaces: A mass balance approach |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;3. Institute of Atmospheric Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;1. CPRM/Geological Survey of Brazil, Superintendência Regional de Recife, Av. Sul, 2291, Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Thompson Hall, 1428 Anderson Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China;2. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100874, China;3. Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | A mass balance model was developed to explain the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) into and out of Siskiwit Lake, which is located on a wilderness island in northern Lake Superior. Because of its location, the PAH found in this lake must have originated exclusively from atmospheric sources. Using gas Chromatographie mass spectrometry, 11 PAH were quantified in rain, snow, air, lake water, sediment core and sediment trap samples. From the dry deposition fluxes, an aerosol deposition velocity of 0.99 ± 0.15 cm s?1 was calculated for indeno1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzoghi]perylene, two high molecular weight PAH which are not found in the gas phase. The dry aerosol deposition was found to dominate the wet removal mechanism by an average ratio of 9:1. The dry gas flux was negative, indicating that surface volatilization was taking place; it accounted for 10–80 % of the total output flux depending on the volatility of the PAH. The remaining PAH were lost to sedimentation. From the dry gas flux, an overall mass transfer coefficient for PAH was calculated to be 0.18 ± 0.06 m d?1. In this case, the overall mass transfer is dominated by the liquid phase resistance. |
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