Wet and dry deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in Ontario |
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| Institution: | 1. Research & Development Department, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Penrith CA11 8HX, UK;2. Departments of Internal Medicine and Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA;1. Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK;1. Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk 39660, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biomedical Science, Youngdong University, Chungbuk 29131, Republic of Korea;3. Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;5. The 5th R&D Institue-3, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34188, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Rock Mechanics Laboratory, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK;2. Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK;3. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK |
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| Abstract: | Measurements have been made of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in precipitation since 1980 and in air since 1981 in Ontario. This paper presents results of the atmospheric deposition measurement program to the end of 1985. As is to be expected from the distribution of emission sources, annual concentrations of SO42? andNO3? in precipitation, and of SO2,SO42? andNO3? in air are higher in southern Ontario than in northern Ontario. The corresponding distribution pattern for deposition is similar to that of concentration. A wet SO42? deposition rate of 20 kg ha1? y1?, a value considered critical for the acidification of sensitive water bodies, is exceeded in all of central and southern Ontario. On a province-wide basis, sulfur wet deposition is about four times higher than sulfur dry deposition. For nitrogen, wet and dry deposition are more comparable, though the former is still higher. The S- and N-species display different seasonal trends in concentration and deposition reflecting a dependence on meteorological factors, and on the associated chemical transformation rates. On the other hand, year to year variations are small. |
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