A model of wet deposition to complex terrain |
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| Institution: | 1. U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS) Center, 47914 252nd St., Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA;2. ASRC Federal InuTeq, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS) Center, 47914 252nd St., Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, PO Box 25046, DFC, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225, USA;4. Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA;5. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, 520 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85179, USA;6. U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA, USA;7. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;8. SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Dr., 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;9. Southern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Triangle Park 27709, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey, 196 Whitten Road, Augusta, ME 04330, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, United States;3. Irstea, UR Riverly, Lyon, France |
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| Abstract: | A two dimensional model of the seeder-feeder mechanism of orographic rainfall enhancement has been developed. The model has been extended to include the deposition of aerosol material incorporated into the orographic feeder cloud by nucleation scavenging. Parameterizations of any changes in the concentration of SO42− in the cloud due to chemical reactions have also been included. The model is used to predict the rainfall enhancement and SO42− deposition over terrain consisting of two parallel ridges oriented perpendicular to the wind. A wide range of spatial scales has been used of up to 150 km. It is found that the patterns of rainfall enhancement and deposition are strongly dependent on the spatial scales, the atmospheric structure and the cloud chemistry. |
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