广东海丰湿地生态恢复进程中不同生境的土壤微生物特征分析

土壤微生物能够敏感反应湿地生态系统质量变化及功能演变.为了探索土壤微生物在生态恢复措施下的变化及响应机制，采用高通量测序技术研究了广东海丰湿地在生态恢复进程中4种不同生境(植被恢复区、乡土植被区、潮沟和光滩)的土壤微生物群落结构与多样性特征及其影响因素.结果表明，4种不同生境土壤理化性质差异显著，表现为潮沟土壤TC、TN、TOC和TK含量最高，且植被恢复区土壤的TC、TN和TP含量显著高于光滩.潮沟和光滩上EC值显著高于植被恢复区和乡土植被区.细菌在潮沟中多样性指数和丰度最高，且植被恢复区土壤细菌丰度和多样性显著高于光滩；古菌群落结构在潮沟中比其他3种生境显著复杂，多样性与丰度更高；而真菌在乡土植被区的多样性指数和丰度显著高于其他生境，群落结构也最为复杂.TN和TC是影响细菌群落的主要因素；TN和EC是影响古菌群落的主要因素，而pH、TP和TN是影响真菌群落关键性因素.由此可见，在生态恢复过程中，光滩上植被的定植增加了土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度，生态恢复初见成效，研究结果可为光滩生态修复策略的选择提供理论依据.

Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Different Habitats in the Process of Ecological Restoration of Haifeng Wetland in Guangdong

Soil microorganisms can respond to changes in wetland ecosystem quality and functional evolution sensitively. To explore the changes and response mechanisms of soil microorganisms under ecological restoration measures, the characteristics of the soil microbial community and their influencing factors were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology in four different habitats (revegetation area, native vegetation area, tidal creek, and tidal flat) during the ecological restoration process in Haifeng wetland in Guangdong. The results showed that:soil physicochemical properties of the four different habitats were significantly different; the contents of TC, TN, TOC, and TK in the tidal creek were significantly higher than those in the other habitats; and the contents of TC, TN, and TP in the revegetation restoration area were significantly higher than those in the tidal flat. The EC values in the tidal creeks and tidal flat were significantly higher than those in the revegetation area and the native vegetation area. The diversity index and abundance of soil bacteria in the tidal creek were the highest, and those in the vegetation restoration area were significantly higher than those in the bare flat. The archaea in the tidal creek were significantly more complex than those in the other three habitats, and the fungal community diversity index and abundance in the native vegetation area were significantly higher than those in the other areas, which had the most complex community structure. TN and TC were the main factors affecting the bacterial community, whereas TN and EC were the main factors affecting the archaea community, and pH, TN, and TP were the key factors affecting the fungal community. In conclusion, the planting of vegetation on the tidal flat increased the diversity and richness of the soil microbial community during the process of ecological restoration, indicating that it has resulted in positive feedback on ecological restoration so far. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of ecological restoration strategies for the tidal flat.