甲醛污染水的生物学效应

本实验研究甲醛污染的淡水和海水对细菌、植物和动物的生物学效应。甲醛的毒害作用是显著的。含0.036—0.36%甲醛的纯水能引起鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株TA100的回复突变,含0.036%、0.0036%、0.00036%甲醛的水溶液行短期(6h)处理紫露草花枝基部,24h休复后发现四分体细胞中微核率显著增高。含0.0018%、0.0036%、0.018%甲醛的水处理蚕豆根,引起根尖细胞中微核率明显增高。0.00018%甲醛的海水使马粪海胆幼虫在45min内死亡。0.0072%甲醛的海水使该幼虫在2min内死亡。0.0072%甲醛的海水能使贻贝担轮幼虫在5min内死亡。0.00018%甲醛的海水使贻贝幼虫在48h内死亡。0.000108%甲醛的海水使马粪海胆幼虫在72h内死亡。实验证明蚕豆根尖细胞和海胆幼虫是良好的监测淡水与海水污染的材料,甲醛能引起DNA中碱基对置换突变。甲醛在海水中产生增效效应。

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE- POLLUTED WATER

Biological effects of formaldehyde-polluted water were studied Distilled water containing 0.036-0.36% of formaldehyde induced reverse mutation of Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotroph strain TA100. Fresh water with 0.00036-0.036% formaldehyde increased frequency of tetrad micronuclei of Tradescantia paludosa. Fresh water with 0.0018-0.018% formaldehyde increased frequency of root cell micronuclei of Vicia faba. Sea water with 0.00018% formaldehyde added could kill larvae of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus within 45 minutes. Sea water with 0.0072% formaldehyde added could kill the larvae within 2 minutes. Sea water containing 0.0072% and 0.00018% formaldehyde could kill larvae of Mytilus edulis within 5 minutes and 48 hours respectively. The results showed that formaldehyde can induce base pairs substitution in DNA of S. typhimurium besides producing a synergetic effect and in sea water root cell of V. faba and larvae of H. pulcherrimus are suitable species for water pollution monitoring.