Mitochondrial cytochrome b variation in sleeper sharks (Squaliformes: Somniosidae) |
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Authors: | Brent William Murray John Y Wang Shih-Chu Yang John D Stevens Aaron Fisk Jörundur Svavarsson |
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Institution: | (1) Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, Canada, V2N 4Z9;(2) Formosacetus Research and Conservation Group, 310-7250 Yonge St., Thornhill, ON, Canada;(3) National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung County, 944, Taiwan;(4) Formosacetus Research and Conservation Group, 5F-5, #78, Chung-Mei 13 St., Hualien, Hualien County, Taiwan;(5) CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, P. O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia;(6) Great Lakes Institute for Environment Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Canada, N9B 3P4;(7) Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland |
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Abstract: | Sleeper sharks are a poorly studied group of deep-sea sharks. The subgenus, Somniosus, contains three morphologically similar species: S. microcephalus found in the Arctic and North Atlantic; S. pacificus in the North Pacific; and S. antarcticus in the Southern Ocean. These sharks have been reported mainly in temperate to polar waters and occasionally in subtropical
locations. They have not been recorded in tropical waters. This study investigates the relationships among the accepted species
of Somniosus through analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation. Seventy-five samples were examined from four sampling locations in the North Pacific, Southern Ocean
and North Atlantic. Twenty-one haplotypes were found. A minimum spanning parsimony network separated these haplotypes into
two divergent clades, an S. microcephalus and an S. pacificus/antarcticus clade, strongly supporting the distinction of S. microcephalus as a separate species from the Pacific sleeper shark species. Analysis of genetic structure within the S. pacificus/antarcticus clade (analysis of molecular variance, allele frequency comparisons, and a nested clade analysis) showed limited or no differences
amongst three populations. Further examination of genetic variation at more variable mtDNA and nuclear markers is needed to
examine the species status of S. pacificus and S. antarcticus. |
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