常州市典型工业废水综合急性毒性评估

以不同营养级别的藻(生产者)、溞(消费者)和发光细菌(分解者)为指示生物,在发光细菌急性毒性、大型溞急性毒性和叶绿素荧光急性毒性实验这三者的基础上,采用毒性分级体系(toxicity classification system)对常州市六种典型企业原水和处理出水的综合急性毒性进行了评估及比较。结果表明,六种典型企业原水都具有明显的急性毒性,电镀厂、食品厂和综合污水处理厂的处理出水基本无毒,毒性削减明显,但化工厂、印染厂和电子厂处理出水具有较高的急性毒性,而理化指标监测结果表明这六种处理出水可以直接排放。废水综合急性毒性大小和理化指标结果没有必然联系,应进一步完善理化监测指标,强制性增加生物毒性指标的监测。

Comprehensive Assessment on Acute Toxicity of Typical Industrial Effluents in Changzhou

Based on the battery of luminescent bacteria acute toxicity test,Daphnia magna acute toxicity test and chlorophyll fluorescence acute toxicity test,the phaeodactylum tricornutum（producer）,daphnia magna（consumer）and luminescent bacteria（decomposer）were selected as test organisms and the toxicity classification system was used to evaluate the biological toxicity of six typical industrial effluents in Changzhou.Results show that the six initial industrial effluents all had acute toxicity.The treated industrial effluents of electroplating plants,food plants and comprehensive wastewater treatment plants were almost non-toxic and toxicity reduced distinctly,but the treated industrial effluents of chemical plants,printing and dyeing plants and electronics plants had acute toxicity.The results of physical and chemical indices show that the six treated industrial effluents can be discharged directly.Acute toxicity of effluents has no direct relations with their physical and chemical indices.The physical and chemical indices should be perfected and biological toxicity monitoring is necessary to the industrial effluents.