负压排水真空便器冲水噪声的影响因素

真空便器噪声问题是影响负压排水用户使用体验的重要因素。通过改变真空便器系统的冲水量、气液比、真空度等工作参数，探究了各因素对真空便器产生噪声大小的影响，并据此提出了参数调整建议。结果表明：增加冲水量可降低真空便器的噪声，且冲水量的改变对真空坐便器噪声的影响更显著，冲水量增加1 L可使真空坐便器噪声最大值降低约5 dBA；真空便器噪声随气液比的增大而增大，气液比降低15可使真空便器噪声最大值降低约12 dBA；系统真空度越高，真空便器噪声越大，将系统真空度调低0.03 MPa，可使真空便器噪声最大值降低5~8 dBA；在相同条件下，真空坐便器噪声高于真空蹲便器。建立了便器噪声与冲水量、气液比和真空度的定量关系模型，得出系统真空度为-0.04 MPa、冲水量为1.7 L、气液比为2.5时噪声最小。此时，真空蹲便器噪声最大值降为79.8 dBA，真空坐便器噪声最大值降为81.9 dBA，噪声得到显著降低。本研究可为降低负压排水真空便器的冲水噪声、提升使用体验提供参考。

Influencing factors of flushing noise of vacuum toilet with negative pressure drainage

The noise problem of vacuum toilet is an important factor affecting the user experience of negative pressure drainage. By changing the working parameters of the vacuum toilet system, such as flushing volume, gas-liquid ratio, and vacuum degree, the influence of various factors on the noise from vacuum toilet was investigated, and some parameter adjustment suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the noise from vacuum toilet could be reduced by increasing the flushing volume. The influence of the flushing volume on the noise of the vacuum sitting toilet was more significant effect. The maximum noise of the vacuum sitting toilet could be reduced about 5 dBA by increasing the flushing volume by 1 L. The noise of vacuum urinal increased with the increase of gas-liquid ratio, and the maximum noise of vacuum urinal decreased by 12 dBA when the gas-liquid ratio decreased by 15. The higher the vacuum degree of the system was, the greater the noise of the vacuum urinal was. The maximum noise of the vacuum urinal was reduced by 5~8 dBA when the vacuum degree of the system was reduced by 0.03 MPa. Under the same conditions, the noise of vacuum sitting toilet was higher than that of vacuum squatting toilet. The quantitative relationship model of toilet noise with flushing volume, gas-liquid ratio and vacuum degree was established. It was concluded that the minimum noise was obtained when the system vacuum degree was -0.04 MPa, flushing volume was 1.7 L and gas-liquid ratio was 2.5. At this time, the maximum noise of vacuum squatting toilet was reduced to 79.8 dBA and the maximum noise of vacuum sitting toilet was reduced to 81.9 dBA. This study can provide reference for reducing the flushing noise of vacuum urinal with negative pressure drainage and improving the use experience.