闽南地区低温下复合填料强化生物滤柱除臭及微生物分析

通过搭建复合填料-生物滤柱反应装置，在厦门冬季低温环境下开展复合填料（蜂窝煤渣、活性炭、蜂窝沸石和陶粒）强化生物滤柱除臭研究，分析了除臭微生物群落组成特性。复合填料-生物滤柱装置在启动运行15 d时其COD去除率达到85%以上且保持稳定，对H₂S和NH₃的最大去除率可分别达到91.77%和82.53%，表明挂膜成功。菌群分析结果表明：以H₂S、NH₃等臭气喷淋液为基质的生物滤柱驯化挂膜过程会降低微生物的丰度和多样性；菌属Thiothrix、Ferruginibacter、Burkholderiaceae、Tahibacter、Dinghuibacter、Cloacibacterium和Kosakonia是除臭过程的优势功能微生物和臭气成分降解的贡献者。本研究阐明了复合填料生物膜内功能菌属对H₂S、NH₃等臭气喷淋液有机质的生物降解/转化机制，并进行了物料平衡分析；复合填料-生物滤柱装置对H₂S与NH₃的平均去除率分别达到90.77%和72.53%，具有良好的生物除臭效果与运行稳定性。本研究可为南方低温季节的污水臭气治理提供技术参考和理论支撑。

Efficiency and microbial analysis of deodorization process of biofilter enhanced by composite filler under low temperature in Southern Fujian

The deodorization performance of the composite filler (honeycomb cinder, activated carbon, honeycomb zeolite and ceramsite) enhanced biological filter was studied under low temperature environment in Xiamen in winter, through the establishment of a compound filler-biological filter reaction device. After 15 days of operation, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the composite packing biological filter column device reached more than 85% and remained stable. The maximum removal efficiencies of H2S and NH3 could reached 91.77% and 82.53%, respectively, indicating that the film was successfully attached. The results of bacterial community analysis showed that the domestication and membrane hanging process of biofilter column based on odor spray liquid such as H2S and NH3 would reduce the abundance and diversity of microorganisms. The genera of thiothrix, ferraginibacter, burkholderiaceae, tahibacter, dinghuibacter, cloacibacterium and kosakonia were the dominant functional microorganisms in the deodorization process and contributed to the degradation of odor components. In this study, the biodegradation / transformation mechanism of organic matter in odor spray liquid such as H2S and NH3 by functional bacteria in composite filler biofilm was clarified, and the material balance analysis was carried out. During operation, the average removal efficiencies of H2S and NH3 by the system reached 90.77% and 72.53%, respectively, indicating that the process had good biological deodorization effect and operation stability. This study can provide reference for the application of biological waste gas / odor treatment process in low-temperature season or cold area.