活性污泥洗涤净化餐饮油烟VOCs及其生物降解过程

将活性污泥驯化25 d后，考察了其性能及其在洗涤净化餐饮油烟VOCs过程中气液组成与微生物群落的变化。结果表明：驯化后活性污泥的MLSS稳定在3.10 g·L^-1，MLVSS稳定在1.60~1.90 g·L^-1，SV、SVI分别稳定在35 %和120 mL·g^-1；在此条件下，洗涤净化系统对油烟的洗涤效率稳定在85%；系统对油烟中烯醛类、醇类、烷烃类、酯类的洗涤效率达到95 %以上，仅对部分直链醛类的洗涤效果较差；驯化前活性污泥中有机物以氯代物和长链烷烃为主，而驯化后酯类成为新增主要成分。此外，活性污泥液相油烟衰减实验共检出18种有机物化合物。其中，14种有机物在第1~3天降解期内被微生物降解完全；在第4~5天内，十五烷、8-十七烷烯、17-三十五碳烯被完全降解，仅剩三氯乙烯仍保持较高的含量。高通量测序分析结果表明：液相油烟VOCs降解过程中起主要代谢作用的微生物为Planctomicrobium、Spartobacteria、Microbacterium、Steroidobacter、Rubinisphaera、Luteolibacter、Phycisphaera细菌属和Nectriaceae、Trichoderma、Saccharomycetes、Cryptococcus、Trichosporonaceae、Archaeorhizomycetaceae、Yarrowia真菌属；微生物种类及相对丰度受液相油烟VOCs组分影响，且随降解反应的进行而变化。本研究可为生物洗涤法处理餐饮油烟的技术应用提供参考。

Prificaion of VOCs in cooking fume by activated sludge washing and its biodegradation process

In this paper, the changes of gas-liquid composition and microbial community in the process of washing and purifying restaurant cooking fume VOCs after acclimation of activated sludge for 25 days were studied. The results showed that the MLSS of activated sludge after acclimation was stable at 3.10 g·L−1, MLVSS was stable at 1.60~1.90 g·L−1, SV and SVI were stable at 35% and 120 mL·g−1, respectively. Under these conditions, the washing efficiency of lampblack was stable at 85%, the washing efficiency of enaldehydes, alcohols, alkanes and esters in lampblack reached more than 95%, and only the washing efficiency of some straight-chain aldehydes was low.The organic matter in the activated sludge before domestication was mainly composed of chlorinated substances and long-chain alkanes., while esters became the main components after domestication. In addition, 18 kinds of organic compounds were detected during the liquid phase lampblack attenuation test of activated sludge, 14 organic compounds were completely degraded by microorganisms within the degradation period of 1 to 3 days; pentadecane, 8-heptadecanene, and 17-35carbene were completely degraded within 4 to 5 days, and only trichloroethylene still remained at a high content. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the main metabolizing microorganisms in the degradation process of VOCs in liquid oil smoke were Planctomicrobium, Spartobacteria, Microbacterium, Steroidobacter, Rubinisphaera, Luteolibacter, Phycisphaera and Nectriaceae, Trichoderma, Saccharomycetes, Cryptococcus, Trichosporonaceae, Archaeorhizomycetaceae, Yarrowia. The species and abundance of microorganisms were affected by VOCs components of liquid oil fume and varied with the degradation reaction. This study can provide reference for the application of biological washing method to treat cooking fume.